Chronic kidney disease

1. Describe the following cellular adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia), and metaplasia. Atrophy is when a cell adapts due to decreased trophic influences, the cell function is decreased and nutrition is decreased, this process decreases the cell size because it looses its subcellular organelles and substances often causing organs to decrease in size and function. Hypertrophy is the opposite of atrophy and causes the cells to enlarge and therefore…

Urinary Tract Infections, or UTIs, effect many people at least once during their lifetime; however, UTIs primarily effect women. To begin, a Urinary Tract Infection is an infection of the urethra, bladder, or kidneys and can be caused by several different types of bacteria, by far the most common being Escherichia coli, or in other terms E. coli (Djordjevic). More times than not, the E. coli bacteria is able to get to the urethra from the anus through poor hygiene (Wexler), spreading through…

Healthy kidneys do not allow a significant amount of protein to pass through their filters. However, filters damaged by kidney disease may let proteins leak from the blood into the urine, meaning there is a possibility the patient may have kidney disease which lead to proteinuria. This patient may have diabetes as well; the results show that there is a large amount of ketones in…

curious about this disease and wanted to know about it. Diabetes insipidus has nothing to do with the amount of sugar in the blood, but an increase of urine output. Diabetes insipidus comes in different forms central and nephrogenic. They are both very similar in that the kidneys will not be able to store water for later use when the body becomes dehydrated. What makes them different is how the body reacts to a certain hormone. The body produces a certain hormone that tells the kidneys to…

pressure that prevents the heart from receiving enough oxygen which can ultimately stop the heart ("Anaphylactic Shock: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments," n.d.). Anaphylactic shock can lead to other potential risk such as brain damage, heart attacks, kidney failure, and even death. In a nutshell, the main difference between anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock is that the shock stage is a consequence of extreme or prolonged…

Brian Doyle’s short essay “Joyas Voladoras” gave his audience more to think about than the physical characteristics of an organ that circulates blood through the body. Though Doyle started off with facts of the hearts of some animals, he quickly changed the topic to the differences and similarities of living things. By providing facts and statistics about the heart and showcasing how organisms need to be surrounded by others, Doyle’s descriptions of the hearts of hummingbirds, blue whales, and…

Earlier in my nursing career, I had a patient who could have possibly extended his life but this patient refused to listen to the doctors, nurses nor his family despite the favorably prognosis. This patient was in chronic renal failure. He was still producing some urine. He was placed on a lasix drip but his renal function grew steadily worse. This patient adamantly refused dialysis. He preferred to die rather than to have dialysis. My intervention was to be supportive…

infection that involves the urethra, uterus, kidney and bladder is considered to be a urinary tract infection, or UTI (CDC, 2015). Normally, bacteria do not live in those areas, but if the bacterium does come in contact with those areas, an infection will occur. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection include burning sensations, pain in the lower abdomen, an increase in the frequency of urination and occasionally bloody urine. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a…

urine. The antidiuretic hormone will do this by allowing water in the urine to be taken back into the body in a specific area of the kidney. This allows more water to return to the bloodstream which in tur means urine concentration will rise and water loss will be reduced. Aldosterone’s main role in the body is to regulate blood pressure in the body by acting on the kidneys and colon to increase the amount of sodium reabsorbed into the bloodstream and the amount of potassium removed in the…

buy a kidney, but the government doesn't allow people to sell human organs. This outcome causes thousands of people to die each year, creating chaos around the world. Mackay and the other author’s want to convey their message to the government on why this catastrophic problem should be fixed. Since this essay is written on the subject of organ sales and Mackay’s essay was written back in 2004 some information may be dated, however not much has changed to fix this issue. "Are Ban on Kidney Sales…