Catalysis

There are factors that can affect the enzymatic activity. Enzymes are known to speed up the biological reactions. It is specific to its substrate which in this experiment is known to be catechol. The catechol oxidase is used in all parts to express the concentration in the enzyme reacting into ortho-quinone (Schultz, 2006). The catechol oxidase if from the potato that was used in this experiment. The enzyme was extracted as the full strength after centrifugation and used the homogenization as…

Temperature and pH will affect enzyme function by increasing the reaction rate because as temperature increase so is the rate of reaction and extremely high or low pH will result in the denatured by decreasing the reaction rate. The function of this experiment was to investigate the influence of the concentration of enzyme on the rate of reaction. The rate of reaction in this experiment was subjected by the amount of Guaiacol, H2O2, Extracts, and Buffer (pH5). The reaction rates with different…

The effect of various temperatures on Enzyme activity Introduction: The basic properties of life revolve around chemical reactions. Without the presence of enzymes some of life's processes would not happen easily. An enzyme is a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, they are generally a protein based molecule, as it is in the lab, Enzymes are organic catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells while not being permanently changed or without being consumed, which makes enzymes…

Introduction In mostly all living things, many biological processes are too inefficient to occur on their own. With the help of enzymes, or protein catalysts, the efficiency of these chemical reactions becomes much greater having less of an effect on the cells they occur in. Enzymes help to increase the overall rate of these reactions by lowering the energy needed to activate this process during the transitional phase. They can do this without being consumed or permanently altered by the…

Enzymes are biological molecules macromolecules that catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are usually proteins; however, it has been discovered that some enzymes are RNA molecules. The molecules at the beginning of the process to which enzymes act upon are called substrates, which are converted to the products by the actions of the enzyme. Almost all metabolic processes require enzymes to catalyze reactions to a rate that is fast enough to sustain life. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction…

6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 The influence of high pressure on the kinetics of α-chymotrypsin The choice was determined by the fact that the catalytic mechanism as well as pressure stability of this enzyme is well established. α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis proceed according to the Michaelis–Menten mechanism. The initial process involves creation of a stable enzyme substrate complex ES, which is related to KM, afterwards activation of the ES^≠ and subsequent reaction steps occur,…

Acid base balance is a part of homeostasis for maintaining the pH of the body. It is necessary for the functioning of enzymes and structural integrity of proteins. In case of an unacceptably large variation in the pH of the body, the enzymes lose their normal function, the proteins get denatured, and in extreme cases, death might result. The normal pH of human blood is 7.4, the acceptable range being 7.35-7.45. In the…

Introduction Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the process. Enzymes are able to do this by bringing two substrates together and having them bind to the enzyme itself. This allows the enzyme to lower the activation energy required to start the chemical reaction by forcing the substrates into an unstable transition state. In order to make sure the substrates fit, enzymes are able to mold their half-moon shape to fit around the substrates.…

Table 3 shows the BET surface area of both the fresh and hydrothermally aged SCR catalysts. For fresh BEA zeolite and SCR catalysts, as the doping amount of catalytic additive increases, the BET surface area decreases, probably because the additive Cu, Ce, and Nb species blocked some of the zeolite channel, hindering the entry of N2 into the pores (Bin et al. 2014). After aging at 600 °C, all the samples showed 3-20 m2/g increased BET surface area. Aging condition of 600 °C is a relatively mild…

Single-component aromatic flavoprotein hydroxylase. Several single-component aromatic flavoprotein hydroxylases have been studied comprehensively such as p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (8), phenol hydroxylase (9), 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid monooxygenase (10), salicylate hydroxylase (11), anthranilate hydroxylase (12), melilolate hydroxylase (13). Generally, the catalytic cycles of these enzymes follow the reaction shown in Scheme 3. The reaction is composed of two parts: the…