Catalytic converter

Federal standards dictate how much pollution autos may emit, and automakers decide how to achieve the pollution limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of catalytic converters provided a huge indirect benefit as well. Because lead inactivates the catalyst, 1975 saw the widespread introduction of unleaded gasoline. This resulted in dramatic reductions in ambient lead levels and alleviated many serious environmental…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The catalytic converter was invented by Eugene Houdry, a French mechanical engineer and skilled in catalytic oil refining who lived in the United States around 1950. The invention of catalytic converter has a major role in controlling harmful emissions. When the paper of smog in Los Angeles was published, Houdry became anxious about the role of smoke stack and automobile exhaust in air pollution and established a company, Oxy-Catalyst. Houdry primary…

Troubleshooting at Sea 101: Diagnosing and Fixing Engine Problems Have you ever broken down at sea? There’s nothing worse than the realization that something is wrong with your boat. Especially when everything was functioning fine! Unfortunately, this scenario is not that uncommon. Luckily, majority of the times it’s a problem you can fix onboard with the right know-how and a good set of tools. Even though you can’t fix every problem at sea, you can increase your chances of getting out of a…

SAFETY ACTION PLAN Student’s name Prof’s name Course title Date Food distribution warehouse workers have been experiencing symptoms such as lightheadedness and dizziness. These symptoms are believed to result from conditions in the company; therefore, investigations are to be launched in order to identify the possible source of the symptoms. To identify the sources of the contaminations, several methods were used. Methods such as observing the workers as they worked,…

P5+ has a higher catalytic activity even with 0.5 wt% loading, and the Mn of PPO reached 4,080, 7,770, and 15,000 g/mol after 5, 13, and 28 h, respectively. The PDI of polyether from Pi4P1+ and P5+ was narrow in the range 1.027–1.036, but was higher (1.059–1.093) for Cy4P1+. Noteworthy, PPO catalyzed with Pi4P1+ displayed an extremely low unsaturation degree (0.004–0.008 mmol/g) and high average functionality (2.93–2.98). In Table 2, the by-product, which has a great influence on the…

integral bell-housing. The TH350 weighs in at a moderately heavy 120 lbs. It has a distinctive oil pan that is chamfered at the passenger side, rear corner. At the right rear of the case is the modulator. The TH350-C introduced a lockup torque converter version of the transmission and was introduced in the late 1979 model year. This model stayed in production through 1984. The transmission’s best feature was that it contained an electronic lock-up converter that increased fuel-efficiency…

measured? 7. Design the basic interface circuit (using an op amp) for a temperature sensor that covers a range of 0° to 70°C if the output of the sensor is 2 mV/1°C and the ADC voltage range is 0 to 4 V. 8. Design an amplifier suitable for converting the output voltage from an LM35 temperature sensor (10 mV/°C) into a signal that makes use of the full input voltage range (0-5V) of the HCS12 ADC port pins. Assume the LM35 is to measure temperatures from 0°C up to +150°C. Show work and…

The catalytic converter system in vehicle exhaust tried to eliminate nitrogen oxide emissions, carbon monoxide emissions and hydrocarbon emissions which is unburned fuels. In a catalytic converter has two blocks which is reduction catalyst and oxidation catalyst. The reduction catalyst is made up of platinum and rhodium while the oxidation catalyst is made up of platinum and palladium. During combustion, the toxic gas enter into the first catalytic converter and heat up simultaneously. This…

Usually, a visual inspection is enough to determine the condition of the catalytic converter of your car. A computer test further ensures the good function of the sensors. Check out these top five ways to pass the Emission Testing in Brampton You can consult Valvoline Express Care Brampton to know in details how to increase the odds of passing grades. Let us do a quick glance on some tested and assured methods to clear the smog test with good scores. Check Engine Light is ON/OFF: Do you know…

Federal standards dictate how much pollution autos may emit, and automakers decide how to achieve the pollution limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of…