Brainstem

Hearing Impairment Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Hearing Impairment Hearing impairment means loss of all or part of hearing ability due to sound signals not reaching the brain. Loss of hearing may be gradual or sudden depending on the causes. This condition is best described with reference to the affected part of the hearing system. The three basic types are conductive hearing, sensorineural hearing, and mixed hearing loss. Each of these losses has different causes. Conductive…

Multiple Sclerosis is a rare disease. It affects the brain and central nervous system at different locations where the severity of the disease in patients happens over few weeks and months. Worldwide 2.3 million people are being affected by multiple sclerosis1. MS, an auto immune disease2 , occurs by combination of factor’s come together contributing to its occurrence majorly genetic and environmental factors1. These include the virulent micro-organisms such as “ Epstein Barr virus” being the…

All brains are different, meaning that all brains contain different information and memories, but most of the time, brains process information very similarly. There are many scientific tests that scientists and doctors perform to study and learn about the different ways the brain processes certain information. Cognitive functions are intellectual processes that include reasoning, attention and processing information (Stoet). A test known as The Stroop Effect Task tests cognitive functioning.…

The Role of the Hypothalamus in the Control of Appetite in relation to obesity. Introduction Appetite is the desire for a body’s needs to be fulfilled, in this case appetite is used in the sense of “the desire to eat food”. Humans need to manage the intake of food so mechanisms such as metabolism which occurs during cell respiration, can run efficiently meaning no energy is wasted, nor is too much saved. The effect of having a high appetite can have a tremendous effect on a person’s body weight…

respectively. Nora's test scores support this idea, suggesting that she experienced more damage to her prefrontal cortex. Hester's scores also supported this idea, it is speculated that she suffered from more damage to her prefrontal cortex and her brainstem than her other…

Cell-Cell Communication in Taste Buds: Activation of Type II cells by taste stimuli causes the release of ATP through pannexin hemichannels and/or CALMH1 channels. The released ATP or sour stimuli can activate Type III cells and causes release of different hormones such as 5-HT and NE via Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. In some instances NE is co-released with 5-HT (Dvoryanchikov et al., 2007; Huang et al., 2008a). The ATP released by Type II taste cells acts as a paracrine as well as an autocrine…

remembered by the dreamer, and latent content, which is what the dream symbolizes to the dreamer. In contrast, the activation-synthesis theory indicates that dreams are meaningless, and occur through changes in neuron activity that activates the brainstem. Last, the neurocognitive theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a meaningful outcome of our cognitive capacities, which form the dreams we have. Though these scientists have logical explanations, the true reason has never been found,…

comprehend and understand speech as it aids us in understanding different sounds and pitches coming from the sensory receptors in the ears. The amygdale controls the response to fear. Limbic system The limbic system is located at the top of the brainstem. It is associated with emotions especially those that deal with fear and anger as well as emotions such as pleasure. It is also responsible for survival instincts. Parts of the limbic system are connected to memory, this is important for…

Introduction Throughout a person 's life, there are many events, situations and experiences that will form a person 's personality and emotional wellbeing as well as influence their actions. Some of these events and experiences will affect the individual in many ways, either in positively or negatively. Some will provide great life opportunities, while others will unfortunately affect the individual in a negative way which can lead to emotional and behavior issues/problems. One of the most…

Russell argues that humans use their experience of sense data to perceive objects such as tables. However, according to Russell, if tables did not exist then the “outer world would be a dream”. He goes on to argue that “we alone exists” and nothing we experience is real in our ordinary senses. As a result, he says that it cannot be proved that we are dreaming alone in a desert however, there is no reason for supporting that this is the case. In respect to dreams, I will argue that the world in…