Brainstem

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test is frequently used to measure hearing sensitivity and to evaluate the auditory system. The test involved a computer measuring the way a child’s hearing nerve responds to different sounds. Audiologists performed the ABR recordings during both the study and control group. The process involved electrodes being placed typically on a child’s forehead and in front or in back of the ears. The electrodes are connected to the computer, and earphones are placed on the child to help measure the hearing. Each ear was stimulated separately by alternating clicks at a normal hearing level. During the process, the audiologists focus on neurological “markers” as the child’s hearing nerves respond to the sounds. At…

ChanMee Bae Psych 421 Take-Home Exam Total 40 points with 2 One-Point Extra Credit 1. Where are the soma of the receptor cells for the sensation located? (1pt) Dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord. (Students should state the spinal cord to get the point) 2. The pain receptors are called “nociceptors”, named one of the subtype of the nociceptors, and what are the one of four differences in those receptors? (2pts) 1) Mechanical. Thermal. or Polymodal. 2) Morphology of the peripheral ending.…

Burkard, R. F., & Sims, D. (2001). The Human Auditory Brainstem Response to High Click Rates: Aging Effects. American Journal of Audiology, 10, 53-61. doi:10.1044/1059-0889(2001/008) Although extensive research has been conducted to determine the effects of aging on peripheral hearing sensitivity, the effects of aging on the central auditory nervous system through the use of auditory brainstem response (ABR) procedures is less commonly researched. A previous study attempted to examine the…

Once learning the basics about Cerebral Palsy (CP), I chose to dig deeper into the more modern diagnostic tools and treatments. As an aspiring Audiologist, I looked into tools I would one day use if I were on a case with an individual with CP and found an article about the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) tool that is being used to determine hearing loss and likelihood of other related disabilities in tandem with CP. The study done showed significance in correlation with most other causes of CP…

months old. A behavioral study is being conducted over three years with ten children under the age of five including Auguste. In order for children to qualify for the ABI device, they must have tried hearing aids and cochlear implant that prove to be ineffective. Some parts of the ABI device on his brainstem consist of a processor with a microphone and transmitter. This is similar to a cochlear implant but an auditory brainstem implant is for people who are considered completely deaf with no…

Located in the innermost region of the brain is brainstem. The brainstem consist of two parts the medulla, and the pons. The brainstem begins where the spinal cord starts to enlarge right after it passes through the skull. This enlargement is called the medulla, the medulla is the control mechanism of our heartbeat, and breathing. Connected right above the medulla are the pons, this section is responsible for the help of coordinating movement. “The brainstem is a crossover point. Here, you’ll…

Locked in syndrome is also caused by traumatic brain injury, tumors, infections in certain parts of the brain, inflammation of the nerves, and loss of myelin that surround the nerve cells.The brain anatomy affected in this syndrome is the brainstem and the cerebrum, the brainstem is affected because of the damaged to the pons. Pons hold an important pathway between the spinal cord, cerebellum, and the cerebrum since pons get damaged it causes the pathway to not function. According to…

The respiratory system is responsible for the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body to meet metabolic demands. The way a person’s breathe can be affected is by emotions and/or changes in the internal environment. The breathing process is mainly controlled by the brainstem and peripheral system. The brainstem controls several important functions of the body like arousal, breathing, and blood pressure, among other functions. In the brainstem, the medullary respiratory center consists of…

Throughout the day on Friday, October 2, 2015 I keep track of the activities, emotions, and thoughts that I had throughout the day. As I recorded these actions, I was able to notice that we as humans are more active then we think we are. Our actions, emotions, and activities are all controlled by various parts of the brain working together at once. Friday morning I had to wake up early and go to my Honors English 101 class and turn in an essay. The part of the brain that controlled my…

the muscles of the body. UMNs are first-order neurons, they do not leave the central nervous system. The pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts consist of UMNs. Since UMN do not leave the neuraxis they have to synapse with LMN to carry messages to the muscles. LMN is spinal and cranial nerves. The cell bodies of LMN are located in the brainstem but their axons are able to leave the CNS and synapse with the muscles of the body. During speech, muscles receive impute from both pyramidal and…