Brainstem

disease of the brainstem. vascular nervous system causes malformations, tumor of the brainstem and cerebellum ,multiple sclerosis, , vertebrobasilar migraine. Vertigo of central origin often becomes disabling. The associated nystagmus is often non fatigable, the orientation of this type of vertigo is vertical rather than horizontal, without latency, and unsuppressed by visual fixation. ENG is useful in documenting these characteristics. There are commonly other signs of brainstem dysfunction (eg…

several disorders affecting the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear or brainstem. Most of us would have staggered, lost balance, or tilting to one side for a few seconds when you spun around fast, such as when riding a merry-go-round. That feeling can describe what it is like to have vestibular disease. One of the most common causes of peripheral vestibular disease, which include the inner ear and pathway to the brainstem, is due to inflammation of the inner ear…

1. The Jendrassik maneuver played a major role on the patellar reflex. One of the prevailing hypotheses has to deal with the alpha-gamma co-activation theory. It states that the alpha motor neurons activates the motor tone, which leads to the spindles providing feedback to the brain. This process is done by the gamma motor neurons, who are in charge of controlling the stimulation of the cerebellum. Also, both the alpha and gamma motor neurons meet at the same effector muscles. Furthermore, when…

1) The Amygdala - It is in charge for the ability to read someone else’s face for clues to how they are feeling. The amygdala is located in the limbic system and is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation. Both the amygdala and the hippocampus help humans remember meaningful experiences. Other findings provide direct evidence that the amygdala is engaged in processing the emotional convexity of faces with a specificity of response to fearful facial expressions…

typically depends on the amount of damage caused and the point of injury. After receiving a brain injury, the most severe form of motor disability someone can have is Locked-in syndrome (LIS) (Pistoia et al., 2016). “It is the consequence of ventral brainstem damage as a result of vascular or traumatic lesions disconnecting corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts bilaterally” (Pistoia et al., 2016, p. 32). Locked-in syndrome causes complete paralysis with the exception of eye movement, however…

three central components; forebrain, brainstem, and hindbrain. Duties of the forebrain vary in functions including; receiving, processing sensory, intelligence, perceiving, and understanding language. The forebrain structures thalamus and hypothalamus are amenable for the functions of: sensory information, automatic…

The vertebral and the carotid artery nourish a collection of blood vessels called the circle of Willis. The carotid artery supplies blood to most of the cerebral hemispheres. It runs up the lateral sides of the neck, then splits into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum. The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral portions of the…

Johnson, Jon. "What Is the Function of the Hypothalamus?" Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, n.d. Web. 21 May 2017. Robertson, BSc Sally. "What Does the Thalamus Do?" News-Medical.net. N.p., 21 July 2016. Web. 18 May 2017. "The Brainstem." The Brainstem. Stroke Education, n.d. Web. 21 May…

The stress response systems are first to be compromised due to adverse experiences that assault the brain. Experiences of trauma and neglect create abnormal organization of important neural systems in the brainstem which compromises function and capacity of this region of the brain. At each level, the brain responds to perceived threat which implies that a child raised in an abusive, chaotic and neglectful home creates an association of threats and neural cues…

neck, merging within the skull it forms the single basilar artery. The vertebral arteries provide supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of…