Eye movement

Description of Research Any injury or damage to your brain can result in devastating motor or cognitive lost. The extent of this lost typically depends on the amount of damage caused and the point of injury. After receiving a brain injury, the most severe form of motor disability someone can have is Locked-in syndrome (LIS) (Pistoia et al., 2016). “It is the consequence of ventral brainstem damage as a result of vascular or traumatic lesions disconnecting corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts bilaterally” (Pistoia et al., 2016, p. 32). Locked-in syndrome causes complete paralysis with the exception of eye movement, however the patient is completely conscious and aware of surroundings (Pistoia et al., 2016). According to Pistoia et al., (2016), due to the disconnection of the cortex and spinal cord in…

STAGES OF SLEEP 2.1 Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep can be characterized into three distinct stages, previously classified into four stages. NREM sleep can be differentiated from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep due to its lack of muscle paralysis and bursts of eye movement typically observed in REM sleep3. Additionally, NREM sleep demonstrates characteristic waves and spindles captured on electroencephalogram (EEG) readings that differ significantly from…

As a child growing up I was often advised to get at least 8 hours of sleep daily, but never knew exactly why. Due to me not knowing the meaning of acquit amount of sleep I form the mentality that sleep is sleep, right? However in reality, while the body is at rest there is still a lot going on inside of our head due to the activity of the brain. In today’s society we are taught there are two main type of sleep: Non- Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) which is also known as the quiet sleep and consist of…

Francine Shapiro developed the therapeutic intervention called Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) in 1987. In the ten years prior to this work, Shapiro, a PhD in English Literature, took an interest in behavior therapy and when she was diagnosed with cancer, it was the impetus for her to focus on, “the interplay of mind and external stressors” (Shapiro, 2001). The foundation of EMDR and its use is firmly committed to the belief that clinicians must be properly trained and…

This paper is a critical review of Dr. Sophia F. Dziegielewski and Pamela Wolfe article, “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a Time-Limited Treatment Intervention for Body Image Disturbance and Self-Esteem: A Single Subject Case Study Design”. The article was first published in the first volume third edition of the Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice in 2000. The purpose of the article was to provide evidence that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing…

usually restored by sleeping. Sleep helps the body become energized for the next morning, but it mostly restores memory. The process of the restoration of memories and its functions are included in the sleep stages. The body sometimes doesn’t receive enough sleep and there are ways to avoid the negative effects. Sleep has a positive effect on restoring the body’s memories. When someone is sleeping, memory goes through different sleep stages. They are divided in Rapid Eye Movement (REM)…

Treatment #1 Treatment Method: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (E.M.D.R.) School of Thought/Perspective: Cognitive-Behavioral Application: Phase 1: Evaluate the client’s aptness to therapy and identify potential targets for E.M.D.R. Including but not limited to: distressing memories; current situations that produce emotional distress; similar events from the past. Stress is put on the growth of explicit skills and behaviors that will be required future situations; Goal: for…

did and the different stages of sleep. These stages consist of stage one, two, three, four and lastly the REM stage, or rapid eye movement stage. Sleep not only has to do with rejuvenating yourself, but also with the brain. The brain controls most of what happens in your sleep and daily life. All the stages of sleep combined takes 90 to 110 minutes. Sigmund Freud is an Austrian neurologist and the father of psychology. Sigmund believed that dreams and sleep all had to do with daily life. He was…

This topic of non-dreamers was chosen because people do dream. Dreams are important because dreams prove REM sleep was entered. REM sleep is the type of sleep which rapid eye movement occurs. Muscle activity can also be occurring. The online source took the textbook one step further because more research was studied. Discovering Psychology written by Hockenbury, et al was edited and published in 2016 where as Evidence That Non-dreamers Dream: A REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Model written by…

You are sleeping peacefully in the fetal position in the comfort of your own clean, dryer-fresh linens and all of sudden you are plummeting off the edge of cliff, falling a thousand meters a second, your heart drops and your senses slam you awake. Whew! It was just a dream! We all dream at some point, while some of us may dream less frequently or become unable to remember our dreams, we all do so. I will address the scientific term for dreaming, which is REM, or Rapid Eye Movement, the fifth and…