Electroencephalography

Renowned scientist and philosopher Galvani was the first person to discover electrical activity in living organism in the 18th century [1]. And later the celebrated electro physiologist Hans Berger successfully recorded electrical activity from the human brain using electroencephalography (EEG), which measures voltage oscillations due to ions flow in the neurons of the brain [1]. Today, EEG is one of the popular non-invasive techniques to record brain activity in clinical and research settings, and there is a wide range of cheaply accessible applications for the analysis and interpretation of these measurements. EEG data carries an immense potential in its usability in various areas including human computer interaction, psychology, and neurological…

Electroencephalography or EEG The electroencephalogram, or EEG electroencephalogram, monitors brain activity through the skull. EEG is a test used to study the functioning of the central nervous system, specifically the activity of the cortex of the brain. Essentially it consists of recording by special electrodes electrical currents that form in brain neurons, and which are the basis of the functioning of the nervous system, and is used to observe brain activity, diagnose or monitor the…

The popular science article “You May Be Able to Train Your Brain to Be Fearless” published by The Huffington Post discusses the study “Limbic Activity Modulation Guided by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Inspired Electroencephalography Improves Implicit Emotion Regulation” conducted by Dr. Talma Hendler. I find that the pop science article doesn’t portray the information correctly. It fails to include terminology and key results; specifically, the downsides of the study. The article’s sole…

Sleeping is a natural part of our daily life. It is a behavior that is displayed every day and is necessary for us to function. To be able to rest efficiently an animal, be it a human or another mammal, needs to fall asleep in a matter of seconds or minutes; but since a sleeping animals are more vulnerable to predation, it also needs to wake easily in case of threat. Those requirements show how well regulated the sleep-wake regulation has to be. Historically, sleep studies have been done by a…

century, dreams were thought to come from anxiety, household noise, or something that happened in the day. So basically they were believed to have no meaning. Sigmund Freud, as mentioned before, reestablished the importance of dreaming later in the 19th century and returned need for studying of dreams (Dream Moods). Our brain does many things throughout sleep. In research project, Italian scientists studied 65 students by having them sleep two consecutive nights in a lab. They studied their…

into deep sleep. However, if one does awaken for a short time then go back to sleep they most likely will not be able to recall waking. This occurrence of amnesia is caused by the brain waves being in a delta wave state not allowing for the brain to be fully functional when awakened. The first four stages in the sleep cycle are only the first half of the cycle. The last half of the cycle occurs during stage five which is known as REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. REM sleep obtained the acronym by…

While on this planet we live on, we need to find things to occupy ourselves in our spare time. Some common things people do are athletics, playing video games, or simply catching up on missed sleep by napping. Some people branch out to poetry – a boring subject if taking only a superficial point of view. But certain individuals take it further, and it becomes their occupation or their profession. They find that skillful poetry can be used as an outlet to articulate their ideas and feelings with…

Dolphins are a member of the marine mammal group called cetaceans, which also include whales, orcas, and porpoises. Being water dwellers and needing oxygen to live, these mammals have to sleep in a way that prevents them from drowning, which is different from how you and other land mammals sleep. Your bodily functions during sleep include the inactivation of all voluntary muscles, however, you are equipped with a breathing reflex which allows you to breathe automatically so you will not…

IV. Discussion: To assess cranial nerve damage, the patient goes through a series of tests as listed: (1) follow a penlight right, left, up, down and towards the nose, (2) acuity and peripheral eye exam, (3) identify the smell of vanilla extract with eyes closed, (4) gag reflex, (5) clench jaw, (6) identify a warm probe placed on the forehead, left and right cheeks and chin, (7) taste, (8) walk across the room, (9) face symmetry, (10) Weber test. No abnormalities were found in tests one through…

Consciousness is the state of being aware of oneself and environment, during sleep this awareness fades, but does not shut out completely. Licht, Hull & Ballantyne (2014).Consciousness is sometimes equated to being awake and unconsciousness equated to being passed out. There are several different levels of consciousness. These states include wakefulness, sleepiness and dreaming. These are only a few names of the altered states of consciousness. Sleep needs can range from 4 hours to 11 hours per…