Electroencephalography

Renowned scientist and philosopher Galvani was the first person to discover electrical activity in living organism in the 18th century [1]. And later the celebrated electro physiologist Hans Berger successfully recorded electrical activity from the human brain using electroencephalography (EEG), which measures voltage oscillations due to ions flow in the neurons of the brain [1]. Today, EEG is one of the popular non-invasive techniques to record brain activity in clinical and research settings, and there is a wide range of cheaply accessible applications for the analysis and interpretation of these measurements. EEG data carries an immense potential in its usability in various areas including human computer interaction, psychology, and neurological…

Electroencephalography or EEG The electroencephalogram, or EEG electroencephalogram, monitors brain activity through the skull. EEG is a test used to study the functioning of the central nervous system, specifically the activity of the cortex of the brain. Essentially it consists of recording by special electrodes electrical currents that form in brain neurons, and which are the basis of the functioning of the nervous system, and is used to observe brain activity, diagnose or monitor the…

The popular science article “You May Be Able to Train Your Brain to Be Fearless” published by The Huffington Post discusses the study “Limbic Activity Modulation Guided by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Inspired Electroencephalography Improves Implicit Emotion Regulation” conducted by Dr. Talma Hendler. I find that the pop science article doesn’t portray the information correctly. It fails to include terminology and key results; specifically, the downsides of the study. The article’s sole…

Sleeping is a natural part of our daily life. It is a behavior that is displayed every day and is necessary for us to function. To be able to rest efficiently an animal, be it a human or another mammal, needs to fall asleep in a matter of seconds or minutes; but since a sleeping animals are more vulnerable to predation, it also needs to wake easily in case of threat. Those requirements show how well regulated the sleep-wake regulation has to be. Historically, sleep studies have been done by a…

century, dreams were thought to come from anxiety, household noise, or something that happened in the day. So basically they were believed to have no meaning. Sigmund Freud, as mentioned before, reestablished the importance of dreaming later in the 19th century and returned need for studying of dreams (Dream Moods). Our brain does many things throughout sleep. In research project, Italian scientists studied 65 students by having them sleep two consecutive nights in a lab. They studied their…

into deep sleep. However, if one does awaken for a short time then go back to sleep they most likely will not be able to recall waking. This occurrence of amnesia is caused by the brain waves being in a delta wave state not allowing for the brain to be fully functional when awakened. The first four stages in the sleep cycle are only the first half of the cycle. The last half of the cycle occurs during stage five which is known as REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. REM sleep obtained the acronym by…

Parents all over the world love their children. Mothers will always be protective and fathers will always be the one cheering from the sidelines at a game. They will strive to see their child grow up to be successful in the world. Little Johnny will look up to his father and try hard to impress him, and Little Shelby will do the same thing with her mother, or vice versa. The parental figures in society expresses a type of love that will bug the child from time to time. Johnny will grow up…

There are few things I remember. I was painting, felt dizzy, the next thing I remember is talking to the paramedic as I was lying on the floor. I remember being in the hospital, but not going to the hospital. I remember talking to my friends in the hospital, then I remember talking to the doctors, them telling me I had had three seizures in the past two days. Three weeks later, I remember waking up on a Wednesday with a killer headache. The worst headache I had ever had, but I don’t remember how…

Psychology – Sleep Assignment Title: Snoozzzze before you losssse What is Sleep? Sleep is described as a non-waking state of consciousness that is characterised by general unresponsiveness to the environment and physical immobility. Sleep is when the nervous system of your body is inactive and the muscles are relaxed. Why do we sleep when we do? Humans tend to sleep 5-8 hours every night, and to do so in a pattern tied to the 24-hour light-darkness cycle. This cycle is called a circadian rhythm…

2.0 STAGES OF SLEEP 2.1 Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep can be characterized into three distinct stages, previously classified into four stages. NREM sleep can be differentiated from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep due to its lack of muscle paralysis and bursts of eye movement typically observed in REM sleep3. Additionally, NREM sleep demonstrates characteristic waves and spindles captured on electroencephalogram (EEG) readings that differ significantly…