Electron transport chain

. Triglycerides are a form of lipid and are made up of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. In order for a triglyceride to be broken down, it must pass through 3 stages; the Beta Oxidation Stage, the Citric Acid Cycle or CAC, and the Electron Transport Chain. Two byproducts of Beta Oxidation and CAC are NADH and FADH-2. These two byproducts go on to the Electron Transport Chain to create the energy called ATP. A fatty acid is made up of a chain of carbon and hydrogen bonds, which are hydrophobic, and a carboxyl acid group at one end, which is hydrophilic. Depending on whether or not there or single bonds or double bonds will determine if it is saturated or unsaturated. In Beta Oxidation, Acetyl - CoA is produced when the fatty acid is broken down…

Introduction In the Foundations of Biology lab section everyone had to investigate cell organelles and cellular metabolism. Every quad or tri group had to test for the activity of a chloroplast electron transport chain. The two choices that were available for us to investigate was broccoli and pea seedlings. Our group was nominated to utilize 20 grams of broccoli florets to find fractions that composed of an abundance of chloroplast. Project 1 had 3 parts to it; this consists of fractionation…

and F0 complexes together. The catalytic activity i.e. the creation of ATP from ADP and Pi takes place in the F1 complex, whilst proton transport happens in the F0 complex. The F0 complex is made up of mostly C subunits, these are crucial to binding protons and therefore to ‘pump’ the protons through the membrane. Any of the subunits that bind to the ATP synthase can be potential targets to help kill the bacterial. ATP synthase also has other targets that could be used as well such as the metal…

Hydrogen, which is fed into one side of the membrane, splits into its primary elements, i.e., one proton and one electron at anode. Protons will pass…

It was noticed that the exp was in good acceptance with the theoretical value of PF leading to the conclusion that Frank-poole emission is the prevailing charge transport mechanism operating in these films. This can be due to the trap levels into the dielectric (Poole–Frenkel effect), which is responsible for the conduction through the charge carriers released from it, which enhances as the number of trap levels increases on increasing the time of reaction. This enhances the formation of…

electrodes (they are called dees because they look like the letter D) in the vacuum chamber. This chamber is flat and sits in a narrow gap between poles of a large magnet creating a perpendicular magnetic field. A high frequency voltage is applied across the electrodes as a surge of charged particles is fed into the centre of the chamber accelerating the charged particles whilst attracting and repelling them. The magnetic field propels the particles spiral towards the edge of the chamber as…

An atom made of thousands of electrons would have a very high, negative electric charge; however, this was not practical, as atoms typically have no charge. In 1906, Thomson suggested that atoms contained far fewer electrons, a number roughly equal to the atomic number. These electrons must have been balanced by a positive charge. Thus, Thomson began studying positively charged ions as he channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and electric field. He used deflection techniques to…

students would correctly protonate the styrene with the sulfuric acid, but after the carbocation was formed, they would use the electrons from the negative charge of the oxygen in the HSO4- to attack the carbocation. As stated before, the correct way of going about this is having water attack the molecule. After attaching the HSO4 to the molecule, they would break off a bisulfate ion (HSO3-) leaving a negative oxygen on the product molecule. Then the students drew the oxygen taking a hydrogen…

an atom of the poisonous gas chlorine (Cl), for instance, gives one molecule of common salt (NaCl) — an important body ingredient. Structure of the atom: There are two distinct regions to an atom. The first is a dense closely packed nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral in charge. Together they make up much of the mass of the atom. They both have similar masses. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons. These are arranged in…

Democritus in 400 BCE. Democritus stated that matter was made of small hard particles called atomos. John Dalton’s theory can be called modern because it can be proven through experiments. John Dalton pointed out some major details about the atomic theory; All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms, atoms of a given element are identical, atoms can’t be created nor destroyed, atoms can combine or separate from each other, and atoms combine in whole number ratios. The atoms…