ATP synthase

example discuss a possible target for the development of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics ATP synthase is a main enzyme used to produce ATP in respiration of a cell. It makes use of a proton gradient in the mitochondrial cell membrane to generate ATP. By transporting protons back across the membrane, using ADP and a phosphate ion to create ATP. Normally most bacteria can gain enough ATP to grow optimally through substrate level phosphorylation, however it has been shown that M. tuberculosis, both the active and the latent version, do not produce enough ATP to grow sufficiently. This makes ATP synthase an excellent target for any anti-mycobacterial therapy. Therefore, blocking ATP production through ATP synthase, will deprive…

By adding diazoxide, which is an activator of the potassium channel, the membrane would depolarize, thereby increasing the absorption. The blockage of the mitochondrial KATP channel with the VU591 inhibitor would prevent the membrane from depolarizing. However, the addition of the FCCP uncoupler would cause an instant depolarization. Oligomycin is an antibiotic that acts by binding ATP synthase to block the proton channel, but FCCP activates the proton conductance, causing the instant…

On December second just a week ago, our class was lucky enough to have David Terry come to Utah State and hold a lecture for the students. His job is certainly not any ordinary job. He is lucky enough to get to fly drones around different landscapes most days! But his job is certainly not just fun n ' games! It is expensive and requires a lot of knowledge, and hard work it is not simply just flying a drone. You are possibly asking yourself what in the world does this man do for a living? What…

actively participate in their favorite sport. For tennis fans, one of the ultimate experiences is spectating the 2017 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters. In order to fulfill the wishes of many tennis fans, a sports tourism organization named Destination Tennis has agreed to take 10 tennis spectators to this tournament. To do so, Destination Tennis must have a clear purpose statement for why they are doing this event, an explanation of expenses and funding to help pay for the experience, and a projected…

Rafael Nadal is a professional tennis player. He is a twenty nine year Spaniard. At this time, Nadal is ranked number eight in the world. Since turning pro in 2001, he has won countless tournaments. A few of these tournaments include: the French Open, the US Open, and Wimbledon. After watching the US Open these past two weeks, I decided to write this paper on him because he a very well-known athlete due to a particular set of rituals that he performs before and during his matches. Rafael…

coenzyme called cytochrome complex (Cyt C) will deliver the electron to complex IV. This series of compounds that transfer electrons is called electron transport chain. When the electron reached the complex IV, electron will be released so other electrons can go through and will be obtained by oxygen (O2) to form into water (H2O). Oxygen also called terminal electron acceptor is necessary to remove electrons so other electrons can go through and to pump out protons (H+) for cellular…

There's various types of ways an organism can live, one being autotrophic. Autotrophs sustain themselves without eating anything derived from living beings. They're the producers of the biosphere because they can release organic molecules. Most autotrophs get their energy from photosynthesis. They store their chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules that they build themselves. Autotrophs are the ultimate source of organic compounds producing organic molecules and that's the direct link…

cellular respiration to an organism. Similar to enzymes, redox reactions are a fundamental part and driving factor in cellular respiration. The absence of redox reactions in cellular respiration would be just as detrimental to the cell as a lack of enzymes. All of the steps of cellular respiration, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the krebs cycle, contain redox reactions. This type of chemical reaction plays an important role in many biological functions. The main goal of cellular…

transfer, explain how each functions in the cell and give an example. Explain how ATP is involved in each example. Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP, is the most useful form of energy in the human body. Humans use it for everything from lifting a pin to running, to breathing. Converting energy from food to ATP takes a lot of energy and requires many steps. Three steps that take place for ATP to be released are fermentation, chemiosmosis and active transport. Fermentation is the body's backup…

synthesis of glycogen in liver cells. This is done by the glycogenesis pathway, where glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage. Either glucokinase or hexokinase catalyse the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate which is then converted into glucose-1-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. UDP-glucose phosphorylase enzyme catalyses the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose. Two phosphate molecules are formed when pyrophosphate is later hydrolysed by…