Electron paramagnetic resonance

in my endeavors. Research and Professional Experiences Despite not attending a research institution, I have received a strong education in the sciences and liberal arts. I have also obtained some research experience. In the summer of 2016, I was a REU participant at Miami University (Gary Lorigan Lab). The goal of my project was to advance a novel method of determining the local secondary structure of the [KIGAKI]3-NH2 (KIGAKI) peptide. Electron Spin Echo Envelop Modulation (ESEEM) is a form of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that detects modulation in the larmor frequency of a deuterium atom within 8Å of an electron spin. This modulation can be detected as an intense signal on the ESEEM spectrum. Using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), I strategically incorporated a 2H-labeled residue (i) into the 4th or 10th residue of the sequence; along with a cysteine residue up to four amino acid positions away from the 2H-label (i+1, i+2, i+3, i+4). A spin-labeling reaction was performed to attach a nitroxide spin label (electron spin) to the cysteine side chain. I purified KIGAKI samples with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed purity with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). I then dissolved these peptide variants in alpha helical inducing solvent or incorporated them as a beta sheet in lipid vesicles. Since ESEEM spectroscopy has an 8Å detection limit, we proposed that alpha helical i+3 / i+4 and…

If a photon is emitted it is possible for an unpaired electron to leap from one energy level to the other. As we know the energy of a photon to be and the resonance condition to be , we get the equation which is the fundamental equation of electron spin resonance where we can find the microwave resonance frequency. When electromagnetic energy in the microwave range is applied, the magnetic field corresponds to value of approximately 0.35 T which is needed to gain useful ESR spectra. Energies…

Introduction: The lab experiment on Fabrication and Microwave Frequency Measurement of a ring Resonators was about finding the relative dielectric constant and the response of a ring resonator. These values are found by using a ring resonator and setting a frequency signal to the ring to resonate the signal. This lab also shows how to make the ring resonators from paper or any type of electric device from fabrication. Fabrication is used to print electric devices such as printed circuit boards.…

Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). These devices because of their size, they come with properties such as reduced mass, high quality factor (Q factor) and very high fundamental resonance frequencies. These qualities of NEMS makes them desirable for numerable applications such as components of signal processing devices, actuators and high speed sensors. NEMS can be used to construct resonators through a process of surface nanomachining to achieve frequencies of above 10Ghz. The operation at…

An atom made of thousands of electrons would have a very high, negative electric charge; however, this was not practical, as atoms typically have no charge. In 1906, Thomson suggested that atoms contained far fewer electrons, a number roughly equal to the atomic number. These electrons must have been balanced by a positive charge. Thus, Thomson began studying positively charged ions as he channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and electric field. He used deflection techniques to…

students would correctly protonate the styrene with the sulfuric acid, but after the carbocation was formed, they would use the electrons from the negative charge of the oxygen in the HSO4- to attack the carbocation. As stated before, the correct way of going about this is having water attack the molecule. After attaching the HSO4 to the molecule, they would break off a bisulfate ion (HSO3-) leaving a negative oxygen on the product molecule. Then the students drew the oxygen taking a hydrogen…

an atom of the poisonous gas chlorine (Cl), for instance, gives one molecule of common salt (NaCl) — an important body ingredient. Structure of the atom: There are two distinct regions to an atom. The first is a dense closely packed nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral in charge. Together they make up much of the mass of the atom. They both have similar masses. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons. These are arranged in…

Democritus in 400 BCE. Democritus stated that matter was made of small hard particles called atomos. John Dalton’s theory can be called modern because it can be proven through experiments. John Dalton pointed out some major details about the atomic theory; All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms, atoms of a given element are identical, atoms can’t be created nor destroyed, atoms can combine or separate from each other, and atoms combine in whole number ratios. The atoms…

Terminology and units Current Current is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter I. Potential difference The potential difference between two points.The units for potential difference are Joules per coulomb, or volts. (1 volt = 1 Joule/coulomb). Electrical charge Electric charge is carried by the electrons ( negative charge) and protons (positive charge) within an atom. The…

Atomic Theory The atom is the smallest unit of an element. It is composed of two main parts. The nucleus is the central point of an atom. Compacted in that small space are neutrons and protons that constantly jiggle. Neutrons are uncharged particles that add mass to the nucleus without adding a charge. The protons are positively charged particles that are also located in the nucleus and symbolized as p+. The second part of an atom is the electron cloud. The electron cloud is a cloud…