Brainstem

One of the major channels of the spinal cord is the spinothalamic tract; a sensory pathway. It conveys nerve impulses for sensing pain, warmth, coolness, itching, tickling, deep pressure, and crude touch. (Tortora, 2014-01-22, p. 461). Based on that description and as the name implies, information will travel from the region of stimulation on the skin to the CNS, ultimately landing at its destination at the thalamus; thus, making it an ascending pathway. This pathway is further divided into…

Anti-Calbindin binds to Calbindin (CB) and labels GABAergic neurons In our immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiment, we used anti-Calbindin as our primary antibody, Goat anti-Rabbit 488 IgG as our secondary antibody (“488” meaning that the fluorescent dye is excited at a wavelength of 488nm, fluorescing green), and DAPI-mounting serum as a DNA (nucleus) marker with blue fluorescence for reference against anti-Calbindin-marked GABAergic neurons (Lammel, 2016). While GABAergic-neuron-expressing…

A) The movement of neural impulses down the body of an axon When Mr. Cava is scratched on the nose by a minion, the nerve endings underneath his skin pick up the stimulus and a process begins. Next, an impulse in sent towards the brain telling it what happened. The impulse travels through axons, which connect cell bodies to muscles, neurons, or glands. This process occurs over and over, and is sped up by the use of the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath speeds up the movement of neural impulses in…

neuronal damage and hyper metabolism during an induced epileptic event. They found an increase in metabolic rate in the P10 and P21 rats which was mostly isolated to the fore rain and cortical regions and did not extend into the hypothalamus or brainstem regions however, the P21 group did show a varying degree of damage among subjects therefore indicating that some did experience neuronal damage. The P10 rats did not show any neuronal damage caused by the seizure activity. Fernandes et al (1999)…

The other part of the hindbrain is the metencephalon. There are two major parts in the metencephalon, the pons and the cerebellum. The pons lies in the brainstem directly above the medulla and contains nuclei that control sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder function, equilibrium, eye movement, facial expressions, and posture (Siegel and Sapru 2010). The pons relays sensory information to the cerebellum and to the thalamus. The pons regulates breathing through particular nuclei that regulate…

sinuses and are connected to the respiratory centers that are located within the brainstem. The peripheral chemoreceptors in the cricoid bodies are responsible for all respiratory responses. The peripheral chemoreceptors that are located in the aortic bodies are found in the aortic arch within the heart. The receptors found in the aortic arch are directly related to the cardiovascular centers located within the brainstem. These receptors are responsible for the cardiovascular response that are…

neuromuscular junction. This formation, in conjunction with all the nerve fibers one cell stimulates, is known as a motor neuron. They maintain tone through creating random, irregular contractions until a signal from the spine, in most cases, or the brainstem to maintain tone. When a muscle is to be used,…

In Louis’ article ‘Easing Epilepsy with Battery Power’, a recently developed treatment is discussed. This treatment, otherwise known as the RNS system, consists of a skull implantation with wires attached to the affected area of the brain where the seizures tend to originate from and prevents the individual with epilepsy from experiencing a seizure. Numerous clients and physicians are interested in trying out the RNS system due to some of the great feedback clients provided after receiving it.…

relationship between the psyche and the mind are associated inside and out you see it. So without the cerebrum, there would not be such thing called the psyche. The mind is comprised of three principle parts; the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The cerebrum is the biggest segment of the mind. It is isolated into two parts. The left side has a tendency to direct action on the right half of body and the right side controls the left half of the body. The cerebrum has four flaps. The…

alarm reaction) is an involuntary reaction to an external stimuli such as a loud noise or a sudden threatening movement. The reflex is set off by stimuli to the brain stem which is located at the base of the skull at the top of the spinal cord. The brainstem controls the involuntary functions of the body such as the cardiovascular system, respiratory,…