Brainstem

who have experienced trauma the organization is altered. Perry (2012) goes on to explain that when a child experiences trauma the amygdala, which mediates fear responses, is triggered thus circumventing the cortex. The alarm response leads to brainstem and midbrain activity while cortical regions (rational thought) shut down. According to Perry, trauma activates regions of the brain responsible for intense emotions and arousal. Stein and Kendall (2014) explain that operating within each…

PART A -I As molecules reach taste receptors on the microvilli, action-potentials generated through voltage-gated channels will initiate, leading to the excitation of nerve fibres. From there, responses will be carried to the brainstem and be further processed within the brain. The information will eventually translate into taste qualities such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Furthermore, each taste quality is specified according to the molecule that binds to the receptor. Salt taste…

In addition to this, a second system provides feedback to the brainstem to compensate for increased muscular activity by increasing cardiac output. The feedback response is a chemical response to a build up of acidic metabolic by-products such as lactic acid, which stimulates chemoreceptors within the muscle and provide…

Sleep Apnea and Snoring Therapy INTRO About 90 million Americans experience some form of snoring or sleep apnea, according to the National Sleep Foundation. While snoring can be annoying, it is relatively harmless. Sleep apnea, on the other hand, should be addressed to prevent more serious problems down the road. Sleep apnea, by definition, is the failure to achieve oronasal air flow for at least 10 seconds at a time while sleeping. This can occur five to 10 times per hour in people who have…

Sources say that he thoroughly enjoyed playing the part of the doubted scientist in a conservative society, whose modern theories would one day be accepted as truth (Van Wyhe, 1999). Combe saw phrenology as an “egotistically satisfying means of affronting the conventional” (Cooter, 1984). He dedicated the rest of his life to promoting phrenology, and wrote The Constitution of Man, a book on natural philosophy (Jenkins, 2015). The book sold an astonishing 350,000 copies between 1828 and 1900;…

#2 Describe in detail the structure and function of any of the following: the nervous system, the brain, the endocrine system. Include charts with you description if you desire. Simple moments, decisions or reactions all have one thing in common, the brain. The brain is the control center for human’s entire body, giving signals at all times on what to do or how to respond. Nerves that connect your body to the brain are responsible for gather information to give to the spinal cord to give to…

water. This involves a decreasing of heart rate and peripheral vasoconstriction. The reflex arc is as per the following: the trigeminal nerve of the face, nose, and mouth intellects the cold temperature of the water, transmits this material to the brainstem, which then…

Acoustic reflexes are contractions of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear. This reflex occurs when a loud sound is presented to the ear causing the tympanic membrane to stiffen and cause a change in immittance (Martin & Clark, 2012). When measuring the acoustic reflex threshold, we are measuring the softest sound that can cause a reflex of the stapedius muscle as well as the duration of time needed for the reflex to decay. The reflex is presented as a deflection, or a curve/dip, on the…

The majority of what we as humans experience on a daily basis comes from our sense organs. How we experience these things going on around us is based on our perceptions. Perception is the process of recognizing and interpreting sensory stimuli, from our sense organs: eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue. Our vision comes from our sense organ, our eyes and travels to the part of the brain that processes vision, the occipital lobe. From there what we see is a perception of what we are getting from…

This “gate” can stop messages from reaching the somatosensory cortex, which is located in the parietal lobe and is where touch, temperature, pressure, and pain register. The “gate” can also let the messages pass onto the brain through means of the brainstem, then the mid-brain, and then finally reaching the somatosensory…