Basalt

Volcanoes have been around for centuries but, some are active, some are not. Some volcanoes erupt frequently, while others do not. “At least 20 volcanoes will probably be erupting as you read these words” (Siebert 58). We have all heard of volcanoes before but do you really know about them? A preferred title for “active volcanoes” is a “Holocene volcano” or “historically active.” There are even Holocene volcanoes on the sea floor, and some Holocene volcanoes go way back such as Italy’s…

On June 15, 1991, Mt. Pinatubo erupted. Volcanologists successfully predicted the eruption and issued a warning ahead of time, which allowed minimal casualties. The stakes for failing to predict an eruption accurately are high. If one fails to predict an eruption and it happens then lives and property can be lost; however, if one does predict and eruption and it does not happen then one’s personal reputation can be damaged or destroyed. In the case of Mt. Pinatubo, the U.S. volcanologists…

male stone statue and feline sculpture was commissioned by Olmec elites for reenactments the mythological event. Only extremely wealthy and powerful people could afford basalt stone statues. According to archeologist Ann Cyphers, importing raw material of basalt and craft activities were directly controlled by the elite. Basalt stone imported from Tuxtla Mountain by…

This paper examples the formation of the Deccan traps, the Deccan continental flood basalt, and present day Indian. Its first provides a brief background on what the Deccan Traps are and the history of their geologic integrity. The proof is explained through scientists seismic tomographic models and the evolution of the Indian plate, the Reunion island hotspot, and the evolution of lithospheric mantle structure. Keywords: deccan, mantle, plate, hotspot, reunion, reconstructions.…

these rocks go from a glassy devitrified content to very fine grained on the surface and medium to coarse grained in the center where contact with country rock and fast cooling cannot occur (Carman, 1994). The major minerals contained within these basalts are augite, olivine, Fe-Ti oxides, and biotites which contain compositional zoning, and zoning in feldspar grains and some pyroxenes (Carman, 1994). Phenocrysts occur on the cooled edges of the Big Bend sills which, when present in a magma…

The Heard Museum received a statue of a young man in a kneeling pose, made of the volcanic rock andesite as a donation from a patron. The art style is from Olmec culture, which is classified as part of the Early Preclassic period in Mesoamerican history. The Olmec people lived in the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco on the Golf Coast of Mexico between 1500B.C.E and 400B.C.E. The young man stone statue found on El Azuzul in Veracruz, and is commonly known as part of a set of statues…

Sedimentology and Formation of Punchbowl Falls The following essay will focus on Punchbowl Falls, one of the thirteen waterfalls located on the Eagle Creek hiking trail in the Columbia River Gorge approximately 24 miles from downtown Portland, Oregon. The hike to Punchbowl Falls is a modest 4.2 miles with a slight elevation gain of 400 ft. While hiking the trail to Punchbowl one can find a variety of interesting rock faces and vast vistas overlooking Mt. Hood national forest. Punchbowl’s unique…

GOLDEN GEOLOGIC HISTORY REPORT It all started with the Big Bang then the whole universe is formed, continued with the formation of the Milky Way, where there is a solar system with the planet Earth and then there were this little town called Golden. This is a report that will travel through time telling the stories of the incidents happened in to this town of Golden. During our journey we must note that the whole geological of Golden is tilted and there were mining done here. Let’s start our…

Native Americans and Incas also used stones in ceremonies and in treatments. Traditionally, basalt stones from riverbeds or seashores were used as they were believed to be connected to the earth and have their own energies. The stones were respected and we must respect the stones in order to maintain their healing abilities when performing a stone therapy treatment. These cultures also preferred to use basalt due to it's ability to retain warmth which would help to relax the muscles in order to…

On this day in 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, a French soldier discovers a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles north of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the…