Adenine

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    Deoxyribonucleic acid is known as the molecule of inheritance where its structure dictates its function in storing the genetic information of the organism (Rafael, 2010). This molecule contains genes which encode proteins needed for the complex biochemical metabolic reactions which occur within the organism (Rafael, 2010). The DNA molecule consists of 2 complementary strands in a helical structure where each strand serves as an informational template for the offspring during duplication (Rafael,…

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    A larger than normal cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntington’s disease gene creates an abnormal protein, which begins to kill brain cells. Over a period of time, physical and mental abilities gradually deteriorate, and there is currently no cure. Huntington’s chorea…

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    causes degeneration of brain cells, called neurons, in motor control regions of the brain, as well as other areas (NINDS, 2016). Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation in the gene for a protein called huntingtin. The defect causes the cytosine, adenine, and guanine (CAG) building blocks of DNA to repeat many more times than is normal (NINDS, 2016). Huntington’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, emotional problems, and loss of thinking ability.…

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    Sickle Cell Anemia Report

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    Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which the red blood cells have a deformed shape, which reduces their effectiveness to transport oxygen to the different parts of the body. Sickle cell anemia is predominantly present in people whose ancestors come from Africa. It is also common in people with Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Indian Ancestry. The clinical diagnosis for sickle cell anemia is usually only evident in the patients who are heterozygous for the Hemoglobin S allele. The…

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    shape. These sickled cells become trapped in small blood vessel and block them, reducing blood and oxygen flow in many parts of the body, and leading to tissue and organ damage. The disease is caused by a point mutation substituting thymine for adenine in hemoglobin beta gene (HBB), which results in coding for valine rather than glutamate in the 6th position of the beta-globin chain. This genetic alteration results in changes in physical and chemical properties of hemoglobin cells, including…

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    nucleotides are then joined in a phosphodiester linkage. A phosphate group links the sugar of the nucleotide. B. 1. The two different nitrogenous bases are the pyrimidines and the purines. Purines are double ringed structures. Of the five nitrogen bases, adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines. Pyrimidines are single ring structures. Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are pyrimidines. Pyrimidines have six carbon rings and nitrogen atoms. Purines are bigger because of a six member ring…

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    Chronological lifespan of S. cerevisiae mutants lacking telomere capping protein Cdc13 and Exo1 Lay summary For over 25 years, yeast has been used as a model to understand cellular processes such as how; DNA is repaired and produced, also for understanding different aspects of the cell lifecycle and principle molecular processes in eukaryotes (the same type of cells that make up humans, animals and plants). Because yeast can be easily grown until it dies in a relatively short time, it is an…

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    Ricki Lewis’s The Forever Fix: Gene Therapy and the Boy Who Saved It tells the tale of gene therapy’s rocky road from a wild idea people considered to be a “daydream” to a growing field providing lucky individuals with treatment to prevent their life-shattering genetic diseases. In her novel, Lewis discusses two major biological concepts: mutation and gene expression. To give the reader the molecular basis for genetic disorders, mutation is briefly addressed. Lewis gives two different examples…

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    Analysis Of 'GATTACA'

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    The name “GATTACA” is composed entirely of the letters found in the biological macromolecule DNA. DNA is made up of four letters: G (Guanine), A (Adenine), T (Thymine), and C (Cytosine). The letters are arranged in the molecule in a very specific way, with A only reacting with T (and vice versa) and G only reacting with C (and vice versa). The biological structure in Jerome’s apartment resembles a DNA strand, also known as a double helix. The components that make up the “steps” would be the…

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    for parents. The germ gene line therapy is a process of transferring the DNA into the reproductive cells in the body such as an egg or a sperm cell. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid which is double helix code which consists of nitrogenous bases such as adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. These nitrogenous bases account for the genome code of A,T,G, and C. The nitrogenous base provides a specific sequence unique to each individual inherited from parents’ genetics. This DNA transferring involves…

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