Adenine

The ATP molecule consists of a sugar molecule (ribose) attached to a base that is composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms (adenine). Attached to the other side of the ribose are three phosphate groups (a phosphate group consists of one phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms). * ATP Hydrolysis Powers Cellular Work The phosphate bonds in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) can be broken down by water. When ATP loses a phosphate group in water, this releases energy and creates the products ADP (adenosine…

mutations are the last types of mutations to occur and cause DMD 15-30% of cases. Point mutations are adjustments in the DNA sequence which are caused by a change in the nucleotide by an insertion or a deletion. The four nucleotides include Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). When insertions occur, nitrogenous bases are added to the DNA sequence meaning it is a few bases longer than it should be. When a deletion occurs, a few bases are removed meaning the DNA sequence is…

As described in the central dogma of biology, information from a gene can be used to build a protein in a two-step process. Transcription is considered to be the first step of gene expression. It is known to be the process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The process of eukaryotic transcription can be separated into three phases, initiation, elongation and termination. This complex process involves various cell…

The nature versus nurture argument is, and has been, one of the most hotly debated topics in modern science for decades. The argument of whether humans start out as a “blank slate” or Tabula Rasa, as opposed to being predisposed with certain environmental effects out of their control transcends even natural science and enters into the realms of philosophy and psychology. It is nearly undeniable that the ideas of Mendelian inheritance are sound theories, yet the argument for…

9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic pathways and production of ATP Fermentation - occurs without O2, is partial degradation of sugars to release energy Aerobic respiration - uses O2 in breakdown of glucose (or other energy-rich organic compounds) to yield CO2 and H2O and release energy as ATP and heat Of some prokaryotes - doesn’t use O2 as a reactant but it 's a similar process Cellular respiration - usually used to refer to aerobic process Is…

(Health Discovery, 2016). When exercise is performed, the muscles within the human body constantly relax and contract, this requires energy. Energy is sourced from a chemical referred to as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is comprised of an adenine base, ribose and three phosphate groups bonded together (Bergman, 1999). As the bond between the second and third phosphate group is broken, the ATP molecule converts into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate, as a result of this, the energy…

Cell biology 1. A cell is eukaryotic because  Is generally larger and much more sophisticated than prokaryotic cells due to the presence of a complex series of membranes that divide a typical eukaryotic cell into compartment.  Eukaryotic cell has an organized nucleus with a nuclear envelop.  Has membrane bound organelles  Contain linear DNA molecule that are larger than the (circular) DNA molecules in prokaryotic cells and, in association with proteins, form structures called chromosomes.…

Why are respiration and photosynthesis cycle important. Photosynthesis and respiration cellular are the two main processes perform by most living organisms obtain energy from nature. They have an very important relationship went it comes to life survive. Photosynthesis help process plant cells to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy while creating energy-rich carbohydrate molecules into glucose, while respiration cellular break down food molecules to obtain energy and store it…

From what I gathered from the first video, I learned that a genome is every one of the qualities in addition to some others that make up a living thing. In the first video that I watched it pretty much just explained to us know what a genome is. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to behave. The first human genome was brought up in 2003. It took two decades to finish and it cost over three billion dollars. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to carry on. Cells that…

Many people have Gardners Syndrome and most of the time it is inherited by family. Rarely is a person born without a family member having had it. The effects of this syndrome can affect a person in many ways especially after the surgery needed to treat it. After the surgery the person in most cases will have a counselor to help deal with the syndrome. there are many risks that come along with having this syndrome. Gardners Syndrome is a rare form of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis…