Acute toxicity

Monamy suggest how dangerous animal experimentation can be, by the amount of research is done on animal, for example— “Acute toxicity consisting of the administration of a single dose of a chemical at a concentration great enough to produce toxic effects and death. An example of such tests is the lethal dose 50 (LD50) test in which 50 percent of the subjects in the experimental…

Bacteriophages PROS (Advantages) Phage therapy has a lot of advantages more than antibiotics [39]. First of all, phages have a broad antibacterial activity even against antibiotic resistance bacteria [124, 125, 126] like MRSA as phage can be used as sanitizing agent against hospital acquired infections like MRSA [86]. Also a phage (pVp-1) was able to overcome the resistant strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in experimentally infected mice [127]. Phages can lyse bacteria in the supurrative wounds…

were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra et al., 2012). Previous clinical studies demonstrated that P. niruri had no acute or chronic toxicity, and preliminary data suggested the effects, which promote stone elimination in stone-forming patients, as well as the normalization of calcium levels…

1. Research Question a. What is an Endocrine Disruptors, and how does it affect the normal function of the endocrine system? 2. Overview of Topic by the Book a. The endocrine system is responsible for controlling and organizing bodily functions. Hormones are first produced by the endocrine tissues, such as the testes, ovaries, adrenal, thyroid, pituitary, and pancreas. Once the hormone is produced, it is then secreted into the blood where it regulates the functions of organs in the body,…

Overview of the Monoaminergic Antidepressants A brief summary of the specific types of monoaminergic antidepressants will follow as it is important to note previous treatments of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants manipulate serotonin, and norepinephrine pathways through reuptake inhibition. These antidepressants are characterized by low levels of tolerability, and are rarely prescribed. Monoamine oxidase a inhibitors (MAOIs) increase synaptic monoamine availability. The issues of MAOIs…

F patients, it may lead to a decrease in the bioavailability of theophylline and higher doses could be required. Secondly, theophylline is metabolised in the liver via cytochrome P450, as a result it involves in a lot of drug interactions. Therefore, monitoring by a clinical pharmacist is necessary with this medication (Dipiro et al., 2008). Additionally, when using inhaled drugs, clinical pharmacists can assist in determining a number of factors such as if it is suitable to give inhalers as a…

amounts can be produced at a time. Since they can be mass-produced, if in the wrong hands, these agents can be put into explosive vessels and cause destruction among large groups of people in a single use. Furthermore, these chemicals have similar acute effects, making them difficult to differentiate. If these agents impacted a large group, only supportive care could be provided since there is no specific antidote to most known chemical agents (Ganesan, Raza, & Vijayaraghavan,…

Animal Experimentation, also known as animal testing, can be defined as the conduction of harmful experiments on Animals for scientific purposes, human necessities or even the advancement of human achievement in areas such as medicine. The topic of animal experimentation has definitely brought forth numerous controversies in the world today. This is in view of the fact that it involves the cruel torture of live animals, causing major uproars from Animal Rights Organizations such as; PETA (People…

Research has shown GM foods to increase the chances of a heart attack, as well as a new uncertainty about food allergens and toxicity. Environmental concerns are present and real, and once the crops have crosspollinated, it is extremely costly to repair the damage. The risk certainly outweighs the potential in these situations, even as new studies are being produced and published…

What is Huperzine A? Huperzine A is a purified alkaloid substance extracted from the Chinese club moss plant called huperzia serrata. The club moss is a primitive, vascular plant found in the subtropical regions of southern China. The scientific name for Huperzine A is Lycopodium Serratum Thumb. Club Moss, Qian Ceng Ta, Shi Song, Chien Tseng Ta, Jin Bu Buan, and Selagine are alternative common names used to define Huperzine A. Huperzine A is a natural compound extract accredited with having a…