Acyl chloride

nucleoside followed by chemoselective O-deacylation (Schaller et al., 1963 ; Rigoli et al., 2009). (2) “Transient” protection approach (Ti et al., 1982) has been widely used. In this procedure, the nucleoside is persilylated using a silylating agent, and the acyl function is installed on the amino group using the corresponding acid chloride or acid anhydride. (3) Some acyl functions such as benzoyl, α-phenylcinnamoyl, and naphthaloyl are directly incorporated on the nucleobase using the corresponding anhydride (Watanabe and Fox, 1966; Bhat et al., 1989). Zhu et al. (2003) reported an improved synthesis of N-benzoylated nucleosides by reducing the amounts of chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) and benzoyl chloride to nearly equivalent quantities. The major advantage of this method is the easier work-up and higher yields. The original method by Ti et al. (1982) was further simplified by eliminating the addition of ammonium hydroxide. (4) The exocyclic amino group of cytidine and deoxycytidine were directly acylated using activated esters (Igolen and Morin, 1980), acid chlorides (Mishra and Misra, 1986, and references therein), or alkyloxycarbonylbenzotriazoles (Himmelsbach et al., 1984). (5) Site-selective incorporation and removal of N-acyl protecting groups have also been achieved by enzymatic methods (Prasad and Wengel, 1996). (6) Selective acylation of nucleosides has also been carried out by N-acyltetrazole (Bhat et al., 1998) and carboxylic acids activated in situ with…

In this experiment, two cations in an unknown solution were found using qualitative analysis. For Part A, the solution was to contain either silver or lead, while in Part B, the solution that was set on the side form Part A was identified to contain either calcium or barium. Part C explored a different method through the use of cation flame tests to observe colored flames from six metal chloride solutions. In Part A, the initial step was to add HCl to the unknown sample. This was necessary…

Phenols Degradation by Fenton Reaction in the Presence of Chlorides and Sulfates Siedlecka et al. (2005) also studied a series of phenol compounds present in wastewater. These compounds, as mentioned above, are widely used therefore are commonly found in wastewater derived from different industries such as petrochemical, food or resin manufactured. Since common biological treatment for these kinds of compounds is not feasible, is important to develop new technologies to treat these…

Other groups were assigned with glucose and sucrose. Diluting 1 M of sodium chloride with water made six solutions. The six solutions ranging from 0M to 1M were prepared. These 6 solutions composed of 50 mL of solutions with different concentration of NaCl. The uses of concentrations of NaCl were 0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, and 1M. Then 6 equally sized and shaped cylinders of potato were obtained and weighed initially. Then these 6 potatoes were put inside of the sodium chloride solutions. After…

experiment was to determine the percent of chlorine in an unknown soluble salt through using gravimetric techniques. The unknown salt was dissolved in water and the chloride ions were precipitated using silver nitrate which produced silver chloride. The silver chloride was then separated by filtration techniques and through this the amount of chlorine in the original salt was able to be calculated. It is expected that the chlorine percent will be around 55.95% because that is the accepted value…

If the substance clumps at the bottom, continue to stir until the mixture is dissolved completely. Take a clean volumetric pipette and set up five test tubes. Using the pipette, portion out 0.1 ml of the unknown solution and place it into each test tube. This will evenly divide the solutions for testing. pH Test Fig. 1 The purpose of the ph test is to determine whether the solution is acidic or basic. Next, taking a ph strip, dip the end of the strip into the solution to gauge the ph.…

Purpose I’m writing to propose ATC purchase an alternative traction device instead of snow chains. The current method of complying with mandatory snow chain laws is to purchase metal snow chains for the drivers to carry through the states and provinces where it is mandatory to have them in the trucks during the winter months. Situation Snow chains are cumbersome, heavy, and are often stolen when left behind for the ETLLC group to retrieve. The approximate weight of a set of snow chains is…

When considering the theoretical baselines of this module, I decided to look within myself, and consider what in my life embodies these ideas and concepts. Put mildly, I am a dance music fanatic. I perform regularly in Exeter as a DJ and when sifting through my record collection, I came across a record that really speaks to me personally, and in many ways, has a universal allure. The record was released on a German record label named Innervisions, and is called Acamar, written by a duo called…

Table 2. Recorded data of Physical and chemical properties of Wakefield Pond. Figure 3. Graph of temprature vs Depth in each lake. Figure 4. Graph of oxygen concentration vs Depth in each lake. Figure 5. Graph of light vs Depth in each lake. Figure 7. Sketches of plankton and relative aboundace from all two lakes Figure 8. Sketches of plamkton and relative aboundance from all two lakes. Figure 6. Fish in Wakefield Pond variety and numbers. Discussion Lake…

of the solution and add moisture to one’s skin. Irgasan was added to the solution as an effective and safe antibacterial ingredient against microbial infections. A pinch of citric acid was added to the solution which lowered the initially measured pH of 10 down to 7.9 using the pH meter. It also provided better foam and water-softening in the liquid hand soap. The safe range of pH for soap is between 6 and 9 according to Hornsey (2014). When the pH is above 10, it indicates that the soap is…