Acute toxicity

Glyphosate or Roundup is the mostly commonly used herbicide in the world. A Monsanto scientist discovered the chemical in 1976, and its use has risen dramatically over time. This is in part due to the introduction of Roundup ready seeds in 1996. Glyphosate has increased from 5.7 million kilograms in 1990 to 125 million kilograms in 2014 (Benbrook 2016). Honeybee hives have also decreased over this period from approximately 3 million in 1992 to 2.5 million in 2011 (Monsanto & HBAC 2014).…

vegetables, and ESI-MS/MS has been the most commonly employed analytical tool in their determination (see Table 2). Dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides are widely used in agriculture and horticulture due to their broad spectrum of activity, low acute mammalian toxicity, and low production costs. This group of fungicides has been analyzed with a ZIC-pHILIC stationary phase in combination with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method (QuEChERS) for the extraction of…

CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY The production of food is basically through agricultural activities and by livestock. The amount of food produced is directly related with the relationship established between the species of interest for production and the other plant, animal, microbial and parasitic biological systems that compete for resources available in the environment (Ueta et al., 1997). Among the species that threaten the agricultural production there are the weeds that,…

1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1.5.1 Phytoconstituents of Enicostemma littorale Blume and its medicinal properties Enicostemma littorale Blume contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, catechins, saponins, sterols, triterpinoids, phenolic acid flavonoids and xanthones. Thse secondary metabolites exhibit various biomedical properties like anti-inflammatory [29] and anticancer [30] properties. Aqueous extract of E. littorale in alloxan induced diabetic rats was also reported to possess…

However, Organic food does not have chemicals and Genetic engineering. Chemicals have a strong effect on environment. According to John E Casida who is environment chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory said" Pesticides vary widely in environmental toxicity and impact. The most important and best available data on effects of pesticides on nontarget species are from…

1.1 INTRODUCTION: BILAL YALCIN (4918678) The biggest threat to civilization and our planet is global warming. The increase in the temperature of the World’s surface both land and water are called Global Warming. Scientists have proven that increase in the temperature caused by C02 emissions caused many major environmental disasters such as melting of the glaciers, sea level rising, deforestation. C02 emissions weakens the ozone layer, furthermore our demand for more cars and petrol, gasoline is…

Answer the following questions: 1. List and explain the extrapyramidal side effects from first-generation antipsychotics Acute dystonia- muscle rigidity of the neck that causes head to move to one side. Rapid onset. Akathisia- psychomotor restlessness. Inability to be still. often found to be distressing. Pseudoparkinsonism- temporary symptoms caused by medication that are often seen with Parkinsons's disease: tremor, reduced accessory movements, impaired gait, and stiffening of muscles.…

Have you ever wonder how many items from your grocery shopping list contain genetically modified organism ingredients? According to One Green Planet, “In the United States alone, GMOs make up 70-80% of the food we consume”(Par. 3). From baby food all the way to hamburgers and french fries, GMOs are found everywhere in these food products. They can have a dangerous impact in our health. America is known for having the best dinning and brunch restaurants, but many Americans are not aware of…

Bone is a major component of the human body which provides structural support, protects vital organs, and stores minerals such as calcium. As the body ages, the process of bone remodeling maintains bone mass; however, bone resorption may eventually overcome formation leading to osteoporosis and subsequent musculoskeletal disorders.1 Approximately ten million individuals in the United States, particularly those 60 years of age and older, are diagnosed with osteoporosis each year.2 This condition…

INTRODUCTION About 2400 years BC, Hippocrates advised: “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food” (Rishi 2006). Herbal medicines are used as a method of diseases treatment all over the world, especially in some countries like Iran. Advantages, such as less adverse effects, therapeutic efficacy, and lower final prices, make them a good alternative source for synthetic drugs. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs used to treat joint, bone, and muscle…