Substantia nigra

Parkinson’s disease By: Arielle Kim Approximately ten million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease, a chronic and progressive neurological disorder that affects the way you move. This disease can span from a couple years to one’s entire lifetime, worsening as time progresses. Parkinson’s is typically found from the age 60 and onward, but it can also affect people of younger ages. Parkinson’s disease has many symptoms that affect the human body and mind, but the five most recognizable…

The human body is extremely complex and made up of various systems and organs that must work together. When one part does not function the way it is suppose to, it can slow down the functions of the other parts, which can be detrimental . A quote by Doris Lessing states that when one’s body malfunctions or contains chemical imbalances, “It makes you aware of the knife-edge we live on”. In order for the human body to function correctly, the central nervous system, endocrine, and peripheral…

There are many people who suffer from nervous system disorders. One famous person who suffered from a nervous system disorder is Bob Hoskins. He was a famous actor, who has stared in over 100 films during his acting career. He is most famous for his roles in Hook and Who Framed Roger Rabbit. On 28 October 2011, Hoskins was diagnosed with an aggressive form of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a nervous system disorder that affects movement. Parkinson's disease symptoms change as the…

Causes The causes of Parkinson’s Disease remain unknown, however there have been several theories as to what could cause the debilitating disease. Factors such as age, and genetic predisposition play a major role in the development of the disease. The disease is most common in those over sixty, however, it could take over twenty years for symptoms to develop. Age is the most common factor in the development of the disease, however if the disease is detected early, then it is most likely due to…

Huntington disease (HD) or HD chorea is progressive neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disease that is defined by the motor, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms that influence “about one in ten thousand people in the western hemispheres” (Novak et al. 234). HD chorea is often identified by the movement difficulties that it causes, and “In fact, when HD was first discovered it was called Huntington’s chorea, as a reference to the uncontrollable, dance-like movement that is common among people…

"The Black Walnut Tree" is a contention between the strict and non-literal, the down to earth and wistful. In an obvious actuality, verging on contemptuous tone, the mother and daughter discuss cutting downed selling the tree to pay off their home loan. In any case, with a move to more metaphorical dialect comes a change to a more typical perspective of the black walnut tree: it is an image of their family legacy and father's work, and however the home loan measures overwhelming, chopping down…

The study was conducted due to the understanding that neurotrophic factors have the ability to protect and restore within the nervous system. CDNF was chosen because it is a specific neurotrophic factor of dopaminergic ions in the substantia nigra, which is the pathway that dopaminergic neurons are degenerated in Parkinson’s disease. The researchers tested their hypothesis by first injecting the rats with CDNF into the striatum to protect the dopaminergic neurons then injected the rats…

The affect Parkinson’s disease plays in the body is troubling. It affects nearly one percent of the adult population over sixty years old. Each year in the Untied States, there are sixty thousand new cases alone. Close to one million Americans live with its disabling grip, this is more than the collective number of patients affected by multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease and muscular dystrophy ("Statistics on Parkinson's"). Parkinson’s is a gradual disease that affects the central nervous…

disease involves a change in the basal ganglia motor circuit. The motor circuit consists of sending output information to the cerebral cortex , pedunculopontine nucleus and the midbrain locomotor area. The direct pathway consists of the the substantia nigra via the nigrostriadal pathway sends dopamine cells that are excitatory to the globus pallidis internus . The globus pallidus is inhibited creating disinhibition of the thalamus and excitory neurons are sent to the motor cortex. The…

Disease In individuals who develop Parkinson’s disease the nerve cells that produce dopamine in the substantia nigra die off. These nerve cells relay message that control body movements. The other parts of the brain that impact movement and become damaged in people with Parkinson’s include: the striatum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The striatum collects information, and along with the substantia nigra, which is located in the midbrain, is responsible for sending impulses from the spinal cord…