Substantia nigra

It seems as though humans have always been fascinated with how the brain works and how well we are able to process information and for good reason too. Higher intelligence has been found to be associated with greater success in both academia and work, and may even have links to health and longevity. One particular area of interest within this subject is the heritability of intelligence. This is essentially an estimation of how much genetic variance can account for the variations of cognition…

nervous system stimulants and produces several effects including increased alertness and increases in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and body temperature. It has also been found to increase regional cerebral blood flow in the midbrain/substantia nigra and thalamus. In small-scale studies in children with ADHD, methylphenidate modulates the activity and connectivity between ] frontal-striatal and frontal-parietal regions of the brain. These modulations suppress the activity in the…

Introduction Lorazepam is a kind of benzodiazepine in terms of pharmacological class, It is also an anxiolytic drug in terms of the therapeutic class.It is mainly used to treat anxiety and insomnia for adults.Since anxiety and isomnia is getting more common nowadays, It is nesseary to be introduced to more people.In this article, you will know more about the clinical trial ,the pharmacology ,and the pharmacokinetics of Lorazepam. Disscussion of a clinical trial for Lorazepam Lorazepam has a…

Introduction: This essay will define what dual-tasking is, what it can tell us about brain function and how it could be important to help provide an early diagnosis of neurological diseases. The essay will also include information about how an early diagnosis has made it easier for people to have a more clear understanding of what they are expected to go through, with a disease such as Parkinson's or Alzheimers. It will also explain how the earlier the diagnosis gives the patient time to find…

Schizophrenia Assignment This essay will be focused on a mental illness known as Schizophrenia, which Jonathon is experiencing in the Case Study. It will outline its symptoms, the brain structures of Schizophrenic patients, how neurochemistry may be a possible causative factor in it and how medication can affect the brain structure and neurochemistry to manage symptoms in diagnoses of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental disorder which is described chiefly by defalcation in…

What really happens when we listen to music? Why do we even listen to music? Most people listen to music because it makes them happy, or they are feeling down and need something to comfort them. What people would describe as a happy song is somewhere between 90 bpm and 180 bpm. Anything below 90 bpm is most likely what people call a sad song. People listen to happy music mostly because it moves them. It motivates them to do things normally they would procrastinate on. When listening the brain…

According to the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation (2015) Parkinson’s illness (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, implying that indications proceed with and decline after some time. Almost one million individuals in the United Stated (U.S.) are living with Parkinson’s sickness, predominantly affecting the elderly population. Currently there no cure, but there are treatment alternatives; for example, prescriptions, and surgery to deal with indication alongside with certain physical…

known as the corpus striatum. The corpus striatum contributes to motor control. Virtually all inputs to the basal ganglia arrive via the corpus striatum. The corpus striatum is so important in motor control because it receives dopamine from the substantia nigra. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that can be used as an excitatory to cause movement, or inhibitory to limit excessive movement. Without dopamine both excitatory and inhibitory actions suffer; patients have a hard time initiating movement…

An example of the limitation is deep brain stimulation for patients with Parkinson’s resulting a lack of controlled data, mismatch evidence, insufficient medication effect in the clinical practice. Another instance of the limitation in the EBM are the patients with non-motor symptoms of PD. Some areas such as constipation, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, sexual dysfunction urinary incontinence have not been thoroughly discussed in the research for symptoms of PD patients which can be considered as…

The role of the neurotransmitter Dopamine upon behaviour Neurotransmitters are molecules which communicate information between neurons and their target cells across small biological junctions, called chemical synaptic (Comer, 2013). Within the brain there are many different neurotransmitters which send different electrical signals to other areas within the brain, which control many different functions of the human body. Dopamine is commonly associated with the feelings of pleasure, this is…