Sodium silicate

This lab used techniques in steam distillation to extract crude oil from cloves. The cloves were boiled in a round bottom flask and using a hydrodistillation apparatus, the crude oil was separated from the cloves and sent into a clean flask. This step was used to separate the essential oils from the cloves (Setzer, W., 2008). The distillate was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted three times with dichloromethane to extract the water. After being extracted three times, a fifth of the…

A similar experiment such as the reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid includes the “Yellow Snowstorm” reaction – a reaction between Copper (II) and Thiosulfate. Copper (II) sulfate [CuSO4·5H2O] dissolves to give cupric ion (Cu2+); in the context of a redox reaction with thiosulfate, the cupric ion acts as an oxidizing agent. Reactions within the temperature on Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid occur as the result of molecules interacting with each other to create new…

In our experiment we evaluated which liquid yeast would produce gas the fastest by measuring how long it took for certain liquids to inflate a balloon. We hypothesized that if the yeast and sugar were placed in a warm,sugary environment like apple juice, then the yeast will produce more CO2 and cause the balloon to inflate faster. The control was the room temperature Throughout the experiment the type of balloons, size of the erlenmeyer flasks, amount of yeast, volume of each liquid, and the…

Red Dye 1 Red dye 1 is most likely a polar covalent molecule since we have found that it dissolves into water but does not break apart into ions. Just because it dissolves in water does not make it solely polar covalent, but since it has a relatively low conductivity, 534 mS/cm in the 0-20000 range, then it most likely is polar covalent. This is further confirmed with the fact that it does not react with NaOH, NaCl, or AgNO3, all ionic substances. The red dye does not react with NaOH since…

The goal of experiment four was to use sodium dichromate to oxidize borneol to camphor. The camphor was purified using sublimation, then reduced to isomeric alcohol isoborneol with sodium borohydride. 1H NMR was used to determine the ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the final product. The experiment was carried out by using sodium dichromate to oxidize a borneol solution. Once the reaction was complete the mixture was separated using extraction techniques, dried, and ether was removed via…

To carry out the experiment we need to get caffeine into a solution. We used a solid-liquid extraction by adding 14 tea bags into a 1L beaker with 6g of sodium carbonate, 250 mL of tap water and bringing this to a boil for five minutes on a hot plate. Sodium carbonate is a weak bronsted base, that neutralizes tannic acids extracted from tea, that interfere with the later sublimation operation.(1) We turned the heat off after five minutes, added ice cubes to cool the mixture to room temperature…

The problem being tested is how do different chemicals, such as ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride, affect the temperature of the water? The hypothesis being studied is, if three grams of calcium chloride is mixed with 50.0mL of water, then the temperature will decrease because there are more atoms in calcium chloride than in ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. The independent variables is the type of chemical and the dependent variable is the change in the temperature…

How can we differentiate acids and bases? How do we know if a substance is an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases.…

1. 4 agar plates were poured several days ahead in preparation for this experiment. They were stored in a Ziploc bag in the refrigerator until ready to use. 2. To perform this experiment are the: cultures of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and S. epidermidis, three plastic inoculation loops, candle and lighter, three poured nutrient agar plates, a disposable cup, alcohol, paper towels, bleach, a permanent marker, gloves, mask, apron, and goggles. 3. Be sure to wash hands carefully with disinfectant…

barium chloride and silver nitrate reacted to form barium nitrate and silver chloride. The precipitate at station one was silver chloride. Both reactions at station two did not react. Station three had a reaction occur between sodium carbonate and calcium sulfate forming sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The precipitate was calcium carbonate. Station four formed a…