RNA

Lesson 5: Structures, Functions and Roles of Biological Molecules and Enzyme Activity in Metabolism Biological Molecules/Macromolecules Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis. They manufacture mainly carbohydrates (glucose) as a source of food of many higher organisms in the food chain. It is one of the many biological molecules present in plants and needed by animals. Biological molecules are macromolecules composed of many monomers (polymer) connected through a covalent bond…

nucleotide sequence of DNA into a strand of RNA. RNA polymerase (Pol II) attaches to the chromosome and unwinds the two strands of DNA as it moves across the gene. This protein reads one strand of DNA, using it as a template, and attaches the complementary ribonucleotides. After Pol II completes transcription in one section, it rewinds the two strands back together. This process continues until the gene is completely transcribed, and a strand of RNA is created [14]. Our experiment…

Harinder Mootoor ECH-4931.001 Nanomedicine Dr. Koria Term Paper 1 Streptomycin for Tuberculosis Diseases are very detrimental to the health and lives of humans. Many diseases are caused by the spread of harmful bacteria. One specific disease that has a large effect on the population is tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis is caused by the spread of a bacterium and if the bacterium is not treated properly, TB can be fatal. With the use of antibiotics, such as streptomycin, the fundamental process of…

hepatitis include B, C, D, E and possibly F and G. The first description of “epidemic jaundice” is attributed to Hippocrates and there are reports of outbreaks throughout history. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a small non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, it is “thermostable and acid-resistant”, classified in 1991 as a member of the Hepatovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. “HAV replicates in hepatocytes and interferes with liver function, sparking an immune response…

thrive, replicating and adapting to their new environment. They infect the cell and contaminate nearby cells by intercepting their genetic code. They attach their protein tails to a receptor in the cell wall and insert their genetic material, (DNA or RNA) therefore infecting the cell. Viruses repeat this process over and over, continually evolving and spreading throughout their host. But when left without a host, a virus is completely incapable of performing this process. The virus is…

Cells in the human body require many compounds to survive. The main substances found in all living organisms are a mix of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Each of these substances has a different niche as a part of the body, and all of them must either come from the diet or be created using other chemicals in the body. Functions of Carbs Carbohydrates are the preferred source of energy for most of the tissues in the body, including the nervous system and the heart.…

The biological instructions that make each species unique is a code often referred to as Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. In every cell in an organism DNA can be found in the cell’s nucleus. mRNA a replication of DNA leaves the cell’s nucleus and journeys to the mitochondria. Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are the four coded chemical bases that the DNA uses to store information. Three of these bases code for a triplet of a codon. DNA’s four chemical bases each have a pair; A…

at 10 µM) and one negative control (cells treatment with vehicle) were included. Three replicates were made for both the treatments and the controls. At the end of the treatment period, cells were harvested in TRIzol reagent for subsequent cellular RNA…

which had been detected in the genome of many bacteria and archaea. The CRISPR method is based on the natural defense system used by bacteria to protect themselves from invading viruses. When the DNA of virus detected by bacterium, the CRISPR RNA as a guide RNA which contain a sequence, match to the invading virus DNA, the adoptive immunity occurs in three steps: first CRISPR acquisition, a short sequence of invading DNA ( ̴ 30 nucleotide) as a spacer sequence insert to the CRISPR locus. Second,…

acids. They are made from carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, oxygen, and hydrogen. They are built from nucleotides, which are made of nitrogenous bases, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The sugar found in DNA is called deoxyribose, while the sugar found in RNA is called ribose. Nucleotides create the genes of an organism. Genes are the unit of inheritance that you receive from the…