Pope Martin IV

The Middle Ages was an era in Europe that lasted since the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE until the beginning of Renaissance in the 14th century (History). Throughout those centuries, literature arose as a way of spreading out religious topics through Europe being Latin the most popular language. Hroswitha was one of the several numbers of authors that appeared at that time. She was a canoness in the 10th century and considered the first German poet (Britannica). Hroswitha’s plays…

Introduction In 69 BC, the Flavians rose to power during the Roman civil war and they reigned over the Roman Empire between 69 BC and 96 BC. The Flavian Dynasty include Vespasian (69-79 BC), and his two sons Titus (79-81 BC) and Domitian (81-96 BC). Under Domitian reign, the Romans instituted guidelines concerning worship, known today as the Flavian polices which led to extreme persecution of the early church. From issues with Flavian Policies and the Roman religious atmosphere, cultural…

This essay will consider whether Thomas Becket’s fight with secular authority (such as the king) ended with his murder in Canterbury Cathedral on the 29th December 1170 . Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King Henry II from 1162 until his death , and came into conflict with him over clerical privilege, with Henry believing that the Church was subject to the laws of the land, whilst Becket maintained that ‘the church was above the law’ . This led to Becket’s murder at the hands of…

In this summary of Rodney Starks book “The Rise of Christianity” I will discussing chapters 1, 2, and 4, I found the arguments in these chapters most compelling giving the best overview on the rapid expansion of the Christian religion. Chapter 1 explains the rapid growth and conversion rate of the Christian population by providing charts, facts, and statistics about the conversion and growth rate of the Christian population. Chapter 2 explains the class basis of early Christianity giving…

An Irish priest named Monsignor Hugh O’Flaherty was a patron of Rome’s high life, a well-respected Vatican diplomat and a regular attendee of all the most prestigious parties in the capital. O’Flaherty grew up in an Ireland under British control at the turn of the 20th century. Irish citizens fighting for their own freedom faced the wrath of harsh British army forces, including the infamous ‘Black and Tans’. As a young clerical student he witnessed first-hand atrocities committed by the Black…

West- Catholic church which was controlled by the pope. The church was corrupted and the pope and cardinal were living like kings. Popes claimed more power as well as commanded armies and more political alliances. The corruption of the church was well known and several attempt had been made to reform the church but none of them were successful until Martin Luther came. 2. Who attempted to reform the Church during the Renaissance? How and why? (4) Martin Luther began the reformation in 1517 by…

My choice for my second paper was the ecclesiology of Vatican II and the book you assigned me was Rediscovering Vatican II: The Church in the Making by Richard R. Gaillardetz. At the publishing of the book it had been forty years since the close of Vatican II and the publisher thought it would be a great idea to publish books that make the teachings of the sixteen documents more accessible to Catholics. This book focuses on three of the documents, you could say one major, Lumen Gentium, and two…

control of lands and peoples. For a king or pope to be successful, not only did they need support from their people, they needed support from other people in power. Alliances allowed rulers to share resources and influence to gain more political and religious power. Papal authority during the Middle Ages was heavily influenced by their relationships with monarchies. When a pope had a strong relationship with a powerful king such as the alliance between Pope Stephen II and King Pippin III, they…

Catholic Church has impacted our society in many different aspects. Throughout the era of Western Civilization until 2016, education, politics and art have remained imperative. Without the knowledge and creativeness of our prehistoric Roman Emperors, and Popes the Catholic Church would cease to exist today. The Roman Catholic Church is a contribution to the study of Science. For instance; Father Giambattista was the first person to document the rate of a freely falling body. Jesuits (is a…

resistance to this practice of selling indulgences started when Johann Tetzel was sent to Germany by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences as a way to raise money so that St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome could be rebuilt. One year later, Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses. His 95 theses was a direct objection to the Catholic church’s practice of indulgences. What Luther disagreed with is that he believed the Pope did not have the right to grant forgiveness of sins. After his copy of the 95 theses was…