Pope Benedict XIV

1547), who wanted a divorce, the began the investiture and conflict between the nobles and the Pope, until the divisions within the church emerged. The Protestant Reformation brought a change to the medieval institution of religion, becoming a marker for the beginning of the Modern Era. Furthermore, the Protestant Reformation was a consequence of the Crusades that crippled the infallible authority of the Pope, ultimately becoming a catalyst for the dawn of the modern…

The Pilgrimage of Grace which occurred from October 1536 to February 1537 was a march hosted by protesters opposed to a series of measures set in place by Thomas Cromwell, King Henry VIII’s Lord High Chancellor, shortly after the Act of Supremacy was in place. The Act of Supremacy declared that King Henry VIII was supreme ruler over the Church of England These measures included new taxes, the disbanding of monasteries, land owned by the Catholic church was seized, and the amount of power King…

Religious movements of the Lollards and Hussites greatly affected the medieval church. These two groups were supporters of leaders John Wycliffe and John Huss. Both criticized the Catholic church of its actions and words and questioned the papacy’s true role. The church retaliated to show power and keep control on their side. The church attempted numerous times to rid the teachings of the two men but even after their deaths they had influence over people. John Wycliffe’s writings inspired the…

Charles the Great, also known as Charlemagne, ruled between the years of 768 and 814 CE. Einhard, a friend of Charlemagne, considers him the greatest king of the middle ages. Still, what characteristics does Einhard consider great, and how are those traits manifested in Charlemagne? Using Einhard’s work, The Life of Charlemagne, we can gleam insight into what made Charlemagne so great, as well as what is the mark of a great medieval king. Einhard, documents how Charlemagne was a great general, a…

In the article “The Battle for Divorce in Italy and Opposition from the Catholic World (1861-1974)”, Daniela Saresella argues that following World War II, the “processes of secularization” (Saresella, 411) that were altering the western world, took hold in Italy and set the stage for the 1974 referendum on divorce. The referendum was an integral moment as it marked the first division of the Catholic world and allowed Catholic citizens the understanding that they were not required to vote in…

There were many significant events that played out during the Late Medieval Time Period, and although there were several occasions when there was failure, there were several occasions of victory as well. The general atmosphere of the Late Medieval Times was as complex as present day, and was full of development. There was constant development in every aspect, including the social, political, religious, intellectual, technological, and economic aspects. The social aspect of the Late Medieval…

comes through faith in Jesus Christ without the intervention of the Pope, priest, saints or the Virgin Mary. The Protestant denominations practice living lives of sincerity and simplicity and studied scripture. ‘Scripture one’- the only authority for Christians is the Bible. Whereas the Roman Catholicism focused on work. The Roman Catholicism believe that salvation comes through the work of man with the authority of the Pope, priest, and saints. The Roman Catholicism practice the sale of…

Luther’s Ninty-five theses outraged leaders, who publically condemned Luther. However, Luther was not handed over; he was protected by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony. This act of protection by Frederick III, showed the limit on the Power the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor had not only in the religious environment, but also in the economic and political environments. This point in history marks a point at which the Roman Catholic Church’s power was highly in question, not only by its own…

Envisioned by Joseph Magnin, the first St. Patrick’s Cathedral, originally named St. Peter and often referred to as the Old Cathedral, built in 1815, burned down in 1868. When its reconstruction finished, it was downgraded to a parish church on a site destined and purchased by the church as a burial ground. In 1853, the city commissioned James Renwick Jr. to device a cathedral to accommodate the growing population of immigrants of Catholic religion entering the United States. Renwick’s design…

manuscripts. While at The Getty, there was much art to observe, but I had settled on three distinct pieces of art. All of the pieces of art were Italian and were created before the 1500s. The titles of the pieces of art are Branchini Madonna, Martyrdom of Pope-Saint Caius, and The Madonna and Child. The pieces were all great pieces of art and were distinct in their nature. The art gives insight as to how society was during that time and even can provide evidence of the technological…