Pope Sixtus IV

The inquisition and it’s purpose had originated from the queen’s interest to, “weed out heresy in the Christian world” (The Inquisition). The earliest date of the establishment had developed in 1478 and had lasted a 356 years, ending in 1834. The only rulers known to have been noticed for this event are only the king and queen themselves and Spaniard Pope Sixtus IV. Even though it had been carried throughout for many years, no others have been recognized for such, except for Tomás de Torquemada. Many historians have often divided it into mainly five cycles. Chronologically, first cycle had started in 1480, lasting up until the 16th century; second, early 1500’s until near 1560; third, 1560 to 1614; fourth, 1615 to 1700; and finally ending in 1834. Each had it’s own importance within the country. Later, having such an influence within Spain, the Inquisition had spread to many other European countries, having its’ own religious movements and persecutions. In order to purify Spain to it’s best capability, specifically Spanish Jews, a proclamation was made that ordered all spanish jews to be baptized or to become exiled forever. Popes Gregory IX and Innocent III had selected couriers to go out within Spain and then throughout much of Europe to, “persuade the heretics to abandon their erroneous beliefs and return to the Church’s official teachings.” Consequently, a total of over 160,000 Jews had became exiled. Tomás de Torquemada, also nicknamed, “the grand inquisitor,” had…

The Witch's Hammer In 1559, Pope Paul IV had The Witch's Hammer published as kinda a manual on how to hunt, capture, and torture Witches. They would use the common things from having weird birthmarks, to having a simple medical herb garden as signs as one being a witch. In this essay, I will explain the meaning of the Witch's Hammer, and what it means to me. I will also discuss how it is used in the Pagan and Wiccan community and if I would use it in my own practice. I will be discussing why it…

TOPIC 3: The changing literary and visual representations of China by Westerners in the history One of the oldest countries in the world, China, is also one of the four ancient civilization. For long stretches of history, China had their glory but also had a hard time, and the changed of China also changed impression on westerners by their literary or visual representations. In the 13th - 14th century, Genghis Khan established the Mongolia regime, built the Empire of Mongolia and began his…

meaning “Holy Chair.” Vatican City is the capital of itself because it does not have a capital because of its small size, and number of citizens. The official languages in Vatican City are Italian, French and Latin. This country is the headquarters of Roman Catholicism; the Roman Catholic religion. Vatican’s population is about 800 people, but 451 have Vatican citizenship, while the rest have permission to reside there, either temporarily or permanently, without the benefit of citizenship. …

humanistic influence that enveloped Florence. 5. The High Renaissance refers to a relatively short period where there was an artistic culmination. The majority of the High Renaissance was centered on Rome. After Rome’s population dwindled, due to the Black Death, the city became one of ruins and the papacy abandoned it in the early 14th century. The papacy returned by the beginning of the 15th century. The pope at the time, Martin V, used the arts as a way to build Rome back to its former…

The Sistine Chapel is a divine Chapel created during the Renaissance era. The Sistine chapel which was once previously called the Capella Magna is located in Vatican City, Italy. Tourists from all over the world our honored to not only enjoy the Chapel itself but the disperse artwork that surrounds the inside of the Sistine chapel. Pope Sixtus IV hired an assortment of magnificent artists to accompany him in creating one of the most remarkable and breath taking projects. The production of the…

old ideas and brought new ones into Europe. The movable type printing press was created by Johan Gutenberg. The significance of this printing press was the movable type created books faster and cheaper than writing books by hand, or using the Chinese type. This allowed people to buy books cheaper, and thus increased the literacy rate. It also allowed books like the bible to be placed in the hands like the common people, and that helped people to interpret the book for themselves instead of being…

out of the window and seeing a man who did not believe that the Pope was AntiChrist, she poured on his head a full… O Heavens! … A man who had not been baptized, an honest Anabaptist named Jacques, saw the cruel and ignominious treatment of one of his brothers… he took him home, cleaned him up, gave him bread and beer, presented him with two florins, and even offered to teach him to work” (235). Candide had asked a Protestant for food, but they refused because Candide would not call the Pope the…

The Reformation didn’t just occur overnight, it took multiple years for the Reformation to start and even more to end. Throughout the Reformation and even before it multiple things occurred which not only brought upon the Reformation’s beginning, but also its success making it more successful then it would have originally become. Things like Johannes Gutenberg’s publishing of his first Bible, Vasco da Gama reaching India by sailing around Africa, Marin Luther visiting Rome, Giovanni de Medici…

on having the most Christian theology and teachings anything seen as unholy or unchristian was handled very aggressively. If found guilty of witchcraft, the consequences were drastic from excommunication, imprisonment, hanging, or burning at the stake. Through the witch hunts over 45,000 individuals were burned at the stake or hung. Andrea/Overfield, pp.1-6, 16-21. 1) Martin Luther believed that the Bible was God’s message to all Christians and should be the only law they follow. He…