Pope Gregory XI

Pauline-Augustine doctrine of grace, would greatly shape young Wycliffe's views, as did the Black Death which reached England in the summer of 1348. From his frequent references to it in later life, it appears to have made a deep and abiding impression upon him. According to Robert Vaughn, the effect was to give Wycliffe "Very gloomy views in regard to the condition and prospects of the human race." Wycliffe would have been at Oxford during the St Scholastica Day riot in which sixty-three students and a number of townspeople were killed. Wycliffe also played a role in political matters and aided officials in solving a dispute between the pope and the king about tithes. Wycliffe was strongly disliked by John of Gaunt's opponents among the nobles and church hierarchy. By now wycliffe had amassed a following of protectors and followers calling themselves lollards. Pope Gregory the eleventh had called for his arrest and to denounce his theories. But England refused and Wycliffe told the king after being summoned that it is perfectly legal to withhold tithes from…

equality of men and women, and on the opposite side of the same coin, when a scholar tries to judge Chaucer base on feminist ideas, even if this ideas are correct, they are practically trying to take Chaucer out of his time period and judge him base on our standards. The proper way to study Chaucer is to understand what period he comes from. Chaucer was born around the early 1340’s which was just after the beginning of the Hundred Years War. Chaucer would go on and serve with the army in…

aid to the Church, Pope John XII crowned Otto I as an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (406 Bentley, Ziegler). This alliance helped to gain control over the German territories, it benefited Otto, since he «strengthened his power and decreased the power of the duchies» (Dill, Heer, Zophy). Instead of relying on dukes, Otto I was appointing bishops and abbots, as his royal vassals to help to rule…

to take place. During this time, Saint Ignatius and his group of Jesuits participated in the Counter Reformation which was in response to the Protestant Reformation. Saint Ignatius’s idea for creating the Society of Jesus became very popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, and with that growth Saint Ignatius was able to found missionaries, schools, universities and seminaries all around Europe. Saint Ignatius Loyola was significant because he and his Jesuit followers were used by the pope to…

John Wycliffe was born in the Yorkshire village of Wycliffe-on-Tees. Scholars differ as to the exact date of birth, but it is generally agreed that He was born in the Yorkshire village of Wycliffe-on-Tees around 1330. He entered Oxford College around 1345, just prior to the outbreak of the Black Death (1349-353). He received his Doctorate of Divinity in 1372. By 1371 Oxford had gained a reputation as the leading school of theological and philosophical studies, and Wycliffe stood out for his…

whatsoever; nor shall they place him in our prison...our judge shall arrest him on the spot, without striking him at all, unless he resists, and shall hand him over to the ecclesiastical judge”. The churches grasp over the justice system in a university was absolute, because in The Statutes for the University of Paris Issued by Pope Gregory XI states, “It is not lawful for any man whatever to infringe this deed of our provision, constitution, concession, prohibition, and inhibition or to act…

brought his army and himself to the pope so they could all be baptized and convert to Christianity. Throughout Charlemagne’s journey of expanding the kingdom, he did not only conquer more land, but he also helped spread Christianity. By…

was a powerful tool for not only expanding Christianity, but also for expanding imperial authority. In the sixth century, Pope Gregory I, or Gregory the Great, cemented his legacy for conversion by creating the first papal mission of any pagan people in Anglo-Saxon Britain. While Christianity had visited the island briefly, during the Roman occupation, the Anglo-Saxon’s and their paganism dominated the religious sphere on the island in the sixth century. Gregory, before becoming Pope, had…

first rule by divine leadership. Furthermore, the Christianisation of Europe (which in this case concerns Clovis and King Arthur) explores how secular authorities were converting and joining the church. By contrast, the iconoclasm shows a great conflict between two opposing ideas (between Gregory II and Leo III). Next, the Sunni and the Shia Muslims show a great conflict between one another to succeed as ecclesiastical rulers. Theodosius’ and Gelasius’ primary texts both show specific conflicts…

In 1305, Philip IV convinced the body of Cardinals to appoint a French archbishop as the new pope. Clement V, the recently appointed pope, moved from Rome to the city of Avignon in France. The transfer to Avignon exceedingly enfeebled the Church. When reformers eventually attempted to relocate the papacy back to Rome, yet, the outcome was surprisingly severe. In 1378, Pope Gregory XI passed away while paying a visit to Rome. The body of Cardinals then gathered in Rome to select an inheritor. The…