Penicillin

As the skin is constantly exposed to the environment, it represents a common portal of entry for different parasites. Infestations with parasites can cause systemic diseases in humans, but often result in cutaneous lesions which are on the rise in dermatology clinical practice due to the increase of travel and immigration. Despite the considerable burden parasitic skin infestations can cause, their significance has often been neglected by the health-care providers and scientific community alike…

The reasoning behind calling MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) a “superbug” is that it is resistant to most antibiotics. Since early childhood, we have been given antibiotics for maladies that don’t even warrant the use of them like colds or flu. The more antibiotics we take, the more likely the bacteria will mutate to a strain that is resistant. Just like with evolution, our bodies are always changing. Remember our appendix? We used to need it when we didn’t know how to…

Bacteria employ a few mechanisms to gain antibiotic resistance. One of these – a mutation – involves spontaneous changes within the amino acids of their DNA, which ultimately elicits a modification to a certain gene. The change within the DNA would prevent an antibiotic being used to hinder the bacteria, as it could would no longer recognize the specimen, due to a change in the structure of the target gene. A species of bacteria may also use a method of destruction to chemically degrade or…

definitive area in which the growth of bacteria became inhibited and even completely stopped all together. Therefore, all efforts were poured into extracting this chemical that miraculously stunted the growth of bacteria. So, the first antibiotic, Penicillin, began to save countless lives. Thus the start of the “Age of Antibiotics”…

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive cocci, that measured approximately 0.5um and had an optimum growth temperature of 37°C. Generally, when given an unknown solution, Staphylococcus epidermidis has features that can distinguish it from other forms of bacteria. After doing a gram stain, it was noticed that the bacteria had a cocci morphology, meaning that the cell can either be staphylococcus, enterococcus, or micrococcus. Using the gram stain, it can also be seen that the bacteria in…

The purpose of this report is determine whether the natural product; vinegar, is better than man made chemical products; Domestos and Pine O clean. This will be determined by the results of the experiment which product has created the largest zone of inhibition. To determine which of the three disinfectants are the most effective depend the one with the largest inhibition zone. Bacteria are tiny microorganisms that colonise together and are found in every living organism. Bacteria is a type of…

Scars on the skin form when the skin works to heal a wound or injury. When the infection in an acne pustule, papule or cyst spreads into the deeper layers of skin, a scar will most likes be the result. If the acne, wound or injury is superficial, the skin can heal it without scarring. Acne develops when a hair follicle or pore on the skin becomes clogged with the skin’s natural oil and dead skin cells. The bacterium that is usually on your skin combines with the oil and dead skin and an…

After the discovery of antibiotics in the early to middle 1900s, many people, including scientists, marveled at the thought of eradicating diseases that tortured human life for centuries. Recently, however, the widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance all over the world, becoming a very serious problem in the treating of diseases. Antibiotic resistance occurs over time when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics because the bacteria strains adapt…

Transformation of pGlO plasmid to an E.coli bacteria cell We pipetted 250 ul of CaCl2 transformation solution to into two separate tubes. Next, we used a sterile loop to transfer two to four larger bacteria colonies from an E.coli plate into each of the two tubes. The bacteria was observed under UV light to make initial observations. We pipetted 10 ul of pGLO plasmid (0.08 ug/ul) into one of the tubes. Both tubes were incubated on ice for ten minutes. After ten minutes of incubation, the tubes…

Naturally, our bodies contain both bad and good bacteria. The good bacteria (probiotics) are responsible for our gut health. Candida is an example of bad bacteria, which when it surpasses the required level, it produces toxins causing diseases and infections. Ingestion of probiotics kill candida by changing the PH level that reduces its survival, preventing over multiplication of bad bacteria in the body. How then do you use probiotics to kill Candida? Constant production of toxins from candida…