NMDA receptor

sides or more to one person, but there’s always one side to every story to every person that wins. In Susannah Cahalan's Brain On Fire, Cahalan is misdiagnosed a handful of times by her doctor and her therapist. She is finally diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis;…

boost of dopamine activity causes hallucinations and delusions, some of the few symptoms associated with schizophrenia. It is also one of the many hypothesis of how schizophrenia is caused. Another theory of what causes schizophrenia involves the NMDA receptors that…

Their targets are ion channels and receptors in the neuromuscular system. The venom of Conus geographus contains high-affinity peptides that act on voltage-sensitive calcium channels, sodium Channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, acetylcholine receptors, and vasopressin receptors; many more peptides with still uncharacterized receptor targets are present in this venom. It now seems that the Conus species (approximately 500 in number)…

Other evidence in support of the dopamine hypothesis relating to the substantia nigra include structural changes in the pars compacta. Some of the other changes in the substantia nigra include increased expression of NMDA receptors, and reduced dysbindin expression. Increased NMDA receptors may point to the involvement of glutamate-dopamine interactions in schizophrenia. Due to the changes to the substantia nigra in the schizophrenic brain, it may eventually be possible to use specific imaging…

blood-brain barrier as well as through the placenta into a developing fetus. A pregnant woman exposed to small amounts of lead that may not harm her leads the way for long-term effects on the child’s learning and memory due to the blocking of NMDA receptors in the brain. To further study the effects of lead on memory and learning on the brain, Zebrafish embryos will be exposed to various concentrations of lead for three days. The fish, as they mature, will be observed in size and ability to…

Grinvald, 2002). The axon terminals of OR express D2 receptors (D2Rs) and neighbouring juxtaglomerular neurons express dopamine. When the D2Rs are activated in the OB, transmitter release from the OR axons are attenuated, thus decreasing afferent input gain (Reviewed from Wilson et al,…

Brain on Fire In her memoir, Brain on Fire, Susannah Cahalan undergoes psychosis, seizures, and hallucinations. She describes her condition as “an existence in purgatory between the real world and a cloudy fictitious realm made up of hallucinations and paranoia” (p. 41). Doctors, her family, and she herself are unaware of what is causing these symptoms and what should be done to treat them, but they are determined to get her back to the intelligent, vibrant woman she was before. Under this…

Long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been shown to be fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Induction of LTP occurs concomitantly with learning in the hippocampus of freely-moving animals and is known to prevent occludes subsequent electrical induction of LTP in the hippocampus (Whitlock et al., 2006). Conversely, saturation of hippocampal LTP is also known to interfere with spatial memory…

Upon plasticity-inducing synaptic inputs, Ca2+ entry through NMDA-type receptors (NMDARs) plays a critical role in onset of LTP, leading AMPA receptor (AMPAR) recruitment to the potentiated postsynaptic sites (Collingridge et al., 1983;Kessels and Malinow, 2009). Furthermore, the NMDAR-Ca2+ influx also plays an important role in stabilization of LTP through…

Fish’s consist of a diverse amount of species each known for their characteristics that set them apart from the rest. The characteristics that make the general understanding of a fish are, vertebrate, aquatic, Gills rather than lungs, paired limbs(fins) for locomotion, and are covered with scales. When we see fishes in aquariums we have an irresistible urge to tap the glass, and in doing so, a lot of the fishes get startled and move away performing a sequence of steps called an c-start used as…