In “Lead Contamination in Flint - An Abject Failure to Protect Public Health” David Bellinger examines the impact Flint’s contaminated water has and will continue to have on its population, primarily the children. In 2014, executives from the Flint Water Treatment Plant decided to use the Flint River as the main source of water instead of Lake Huron as a “cost saving measure.” The river is polluted with lead from older, now defunct industrial factories which specialized in products that contain harmful byproducts. One of the water-purifying agents used in the Flint River is ferric chloride which has an effect on naturally occurring bio-matter in water, increased corrosiveness.…
The theory being described is operational which was based on how learning can affect the latency of the rats. This theory was measured through the Morris Water maze and the video monitor. Also, the number of annulus crossing showed the operational definition of persistence. Kim and colleagues selected female and male rats from a brewer.…
The article Fetal Death and Reduced Birth Rates Associated with Exposure to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water by Marc Edwards discusses some incidents regarding lead exposure, along with the correlation between this complication and fetal death, as well as miscarriages. At first glance the observation and claims being shown seem constructed with specific diction concerning a science, more precisely, ecological science. Throughout Edwards’s article, the claims presented are accompanied with the use of charts and notation. When viewing this notion of lexicon, it is suggested that the intended audience should possess knowledge and be familiar with certain vocabulary, as stated in the first sentence, “in children at thresholds >5 μg/dL and also >10 μg/dL” (739). We assume this as Edwards does not further elaborate on his charts and notations, leaving a portion of audience unsure of the truth and meaning behind these claims.…
IQ and ability to pay attention are affected. Another effect lead can have on the body is that it can accumulate and remain in bones and organs years after exposure. Finally, if your diet is lacking calcium or iron the body may mix up lead with those nutrients, so having a healthy diet does help. Officials not responding to crisis…
Health effects of lead exposure in human including liver, kidney damage, nervous system disorders, cancer, rashes, hair loss,…
Average adults only absorb lower than 5% of the lead they ingest, but children on the other hand, absorb as much as 50% of the lead they ingest. Form the high absorption rate and the fast pace development of a child’s brain and nervous system, children run a high risk for permanent damage to their body from lead poisoning. This permanent damage, introduces neurologic problems like lowered intelligence levels and increased rates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Filippelle, Laidlaw 33). Lowered intelligences rates pose as a specific problem to the city’s children.…
“Miguel Del Toral, an E.P.A expert, says the state was testing the water in a way that could profoundly understate the lead levels”. “Given the very high lead levels found at one home and the preflushing happening in Flint, I’m worried that the whole town may have much higher lead levels than the compliance results indicated.", stated in "Nobody should have to be living like this". In 2014 Governor Snyder switched the water from the Detroit water system to Flint River not knowing how big of a problem it would be. I believe that the governor and many people knew what they were doing they just didn’t care because it was lower-class people. Lead poisoning in the water has effected many people in different ways.…
With the known health consequences of lead exposure having been known since the 1800s, recent interest in environmental lead concentrations has sparked research projects. There has been grave concern by the medical community that a significant amount of children have elevated blood lead levels. The analysis could help to further reduce lead exposure and its corresponding potential for neurological…
The key to prevention is recognizing the symptoms. Lead poisoning or exposure to the toxic substance can cause a child's underdeveloped brain to underachieve, which results in low IQ and poor school performance (“Lead Poisoning”). Other symptoms that are more common internally would be effects on “a child's brain, kidneys, bone marrow, and other body systems” (U.S. President’s Task Force). In cases where children have experienced a significant amount of exposure, there are extreme physical symptoms, such as “severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, muscle weakness, stumbling when walking, seizures, coma, encephalopathy, which manifests as confusion, coma and seizures” (“Lead Poisoning”). Lead is a toxic material with traumatic…
Lead poisoning is a condition typically seen in children younger than six exposed to lead-containing paint or water. Children from low-income families are a particularly vulnerable population. Childhood lead poisoning can result in a higher likelihood of teenage pregnancy, a higher likelihood of juvenile delinquency, and a host of neurological, reproductive, and developmental problems. In 2015, Watertown, WI –a city of 24,000 in central Wisconsin– had the second highest rate of childhood lead poisoning in the state.…
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3931. Retrieved from: http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/Early_Exposure_Toxic_S…
The sensitive period of life is a time of development when humans are susceptible to certain stimuli in their environments. However, the effects of these stimuli can be reversed (Feldman, R.S., 2015, p. 96). The treatment of this infant may be different in the personal household than in public. The mother’s use of teratogens, or harmful substances that may cause birth defects, whether or not they are visible is crucial in the health of this infant (Feldman, R.S., 2015, p. 63). During this time, it is also important for the infant to create a trusting relationship with the caregiver.…
Mathew Issac Issac 1 Professor Batorsky WRT 101 11/30/2016 Brain Development Does the question " Why is he/she smarter than me? " brush through your mind whenever you see that someone always gets better grades than you do? Brain development is affected by certain factors that include both physiological as well as environmental. However, the influence of these factors must be equalized for maximum brain functionality. The brain is considered as many things at once by different people.…
My research is based on the problem of lead poisoning and lead gas forming pollution. The problem of lead poisoning can be found not only in the Massachusetts’ Cape Cod or Washington D.C but in more places around the world. In one of my sources it shows that schools with water fountains’ pipes are made out of lead. As stated from the text “ Older plumbing and piping often were made of lead. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that up to 1 million schools in the United States have water fountains with lead-based parts.”…
The effects of environmental influences are wide-ranging depending on the prevailing environmental factors. A particular stage of development fails to take place normally, especially the critical period when cells multiply and enlarge to form organs. Prenatal development is critical in determining the health and structure of a newborn. For example, exposure to chemicals, radioactive material, and drugs among other hazardous conditions may lead to failure in development of some body parts, stunted growth in babies as well as poor cognitive development. Severe exposure can lead to miscarriage or death during and immediately after birth (Hepper 2005).…