NMDA receptor

main neurotransmitters, which are donepezil, galantamine, rivastigment and tacrine. The second mechanism is a receptor called NMDA which stands for N-methyl-D-aspartate. This method works by controlling glutamate. This neurotransmitter is involved in memory and new learning. The reason glutamate is important is because glutamate docks to the cell surface called NMDA which allows receptors and calcium to enter the…

produces angalesia; ketamine also binds to opioid mu and sigma receptors. In a randomized controlled trial of a single infusion of ketamine compared to an active placebo, midazolam involving patients with treatment resistant major depression, done by Murrough, Iosifescu, Chang, et al. (2013), found that twenty-four hours after the drug administration that ketamine demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects that further supported the NDMA receptor regulation as a supportive mechanism for expedited…

Alzheimer’s is cellular disease that affects your neurons. The neurons are the cells in your brain, which forms a network of communication with other surrounding nerve cells. This helps transmit signals throughout the body. Alzheimer’s is a very serious and emotionally excruciating disease. While many diseases wound people physically, Alzheimer’s is a disease that takes away persons inner self. In other words, Alzheimer’s robs a person of their mentality, self-respect and free-choice.…

author discusses her journey that she goes on dealing with NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. This small period in her life changed her entire way of living her life and thinking. Without one of the most excellent doctor’s in the world, Cahalan would not have been able to be cured, because of people’s lack of knowledge about her case. The amount of time in which her case was diagnosed was also significant in helping her recover. NDMA Receptor Encephalitis is a sporadic and fatal disease that needs to…

1. Problem to be addressed. To study the effect of a paraprobiotic, heat inactivated Lactobacillus gasserei, on the functioning of the central nervous system using mouse models. 2. Background to the problem. The microbial composition of the gut in early life is known to influence the development and functioning of the adult brain, including behavioral functions. Many behavioural disorders like anxiety, depression and autism have been linked to severe damage to the gut microbiota. Studies have…

represents a person’s perception of self and identity. Reflecting on past memories and experiences allows a person to recognize who he or she is and where he or she came from. In the novel, Brain on Fire, by Susannah Cahalan, a disease known as anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis inflames Cahalan’s brain, inducing cognitive deficiencies such as hallucinations, paranoia, and slurred speech. Cahalan refers to her hospital stay as her “month of madness” because these symptoms destroy her…

products have been a constant source of new approaches for the treatment of AD, especially alkaloids. For example, galantamine (Galanthus woronowii), is a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, allosteric modulator of the central nicotinic receptor, inhibits βA aggregation and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. Berberis (Berberis mahonia) is IChE, inhibits the formation and aggregation of βA and reduces hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in some in vitro systems. Other alkaloids of…

In the book, Susannah Cahalan comes to terms with the disease that tormented and crippled her, but instead of blaming the doctor, blames the system. “In the spring of 2009, I was the 217th person ever to be diagnosed with anti-NMDA-receptor autoimmune encephalitis. Just a year later, that figure had doubled. Now the number is in the thousands. Yet Dr. Bailey, considered one of the best neurologists in the country, had never heard of it. When we live in a time when the rate of misdiagnoses…

dopamine neurons that cause a shift from pacemaker firing (~2-4Hz) of action potentials to burst firing (~15Hz of about 5 action potentials followed by a pause) (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). Another neurotransmitter, glutamate, activates the NMDA receptor, which can cause an excitatory signal and a…

levels of dopamine in frontal brain regions, and high levels of dopamine in the striatal regions (Lau et al., 2013). Furthermore, the updated Glutamate Hypothesis explains schizophrenic symptoms as the result of the malfunctioning of NMDA—n-methyl-d-aspartate—receptors (Howes et al., 2015). Lastly, evidence in support of these two hypotheses needs to be examined against contradictory evidence, which will allow for better understanding of the validity of each hypothesis. Moreover, this…