Ligand

Anderson gives us the example of the messenger being epinephrine mainly affecting liver cells; epinephrine will dock to the G-protein because epinephrine is a ligand and they cannot go through the hydrophobic region of the membrane leading to the conformation shape change in the protein this releases alpha subunits that will be added to the enzyme. Adenylyl cyclase this is an inactivated enzyme but once the alpha…

Introduction Experiment five was a two-part experiment meant to have us practice our skills and then use those skills in actual data collection and analysis. In part one we used a sample of sodium saccharinate combined with a sample of a metal halide salt, our group used copper(II) chloride. The combination of these two samples allowed for the synthesis of a metal complex. In part two of the experiment we used a procedure similar to part one in order to collect phosphorus out of a sample of…

was prepared and degassed. Slight appearance of green colour was observed. This was due to the oxidation of small amounts of Cr(II) to Cr(III). Further colour change from blue to purple/red is due to the substitution of chloride and water ligands to acetate ligands on the chromium…

Beginning Question: How effectively and efficiently can biphenyl be synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction? Claims: Biphenyl synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction was effectively isolated and then characterized using TLC, melting point, IR and 1H NMR tests. However, this process was not efficient because it had a poor pure yield of 22%. Evidence: The goal of the experiment was to synthesize biphenyl product by a Microwave-assisted Suzuki reaction and this was carried out using 1…

Also, the reaction stoichiometry can obtain by the molar ratio at the center of the binding of the isotherm. The heat release per mole of ligand bound, ∆H can be derived directly from the isotherm which reflects the strength of the interactions between pks13-TE and thiophene compounds23-24 . The magnitude of the change in entropy(ΔS) reflects the entropic contributions to the binding 24. The…

The substrate is rotated in the center of the growth chamber to ensure even growth on its surface and its angle can be manipulated depending on which effusion chamber shutter is opened. The time the substrate is exposed to an effusion chamber is calculated. Based on the area of the substrate, the pressure in the chamber and the molecular weight of the species, the shutter time is calculated to ensure the desired thickness of the film which will be adsorbed on to the substrate. For example, when…

cellular membrane and has an extracellular receptor domain, made up of two α-subunits, and an intracellular catalytic domain, made up of two β- subunits. The α-subunits act as insulin receptors and the insulin molecule acts as a ligand. Together, they form a receptor-ligand complex. (Wikipedia, 2018) Binding of insulin to the α-subunit results in a conformational change in the membrane-bound glycoprotein, which activates tyrosine kinase domains on each β-subunit. The tyrosine kinase activity…

Inverse agonism has great potential as a possible therapeutic treatment option in the future” Inverse agonism: Inverse agonism is phenomenon associated with G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), in which inverse agonist binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces an opposite pharmacological response to the agonist. For inverse agonist response the receptor must have an intrinsic activity in the absence of any ligand1,2. How inverse agonist act? According to the two state receptor theory,…

One of the viruses that extend in massive areas of the world, and compel the scientists to look again for this virus is a ZIKA virus. As a result of the rapid prevalence of a ZIKA virus in Asia, Africa and America, it classifies now as an emerging virus, on the other hand, the lack of biological research leads to Increasing the cases of ZIKV in the world. This project sheds light on the mystery novel that allows ZIKV invasion and infection the host cells. A penetration process of ZIKA virus…

My professional career goal is to explore innovative research that targets energy efficiency and sustainability through advanced materials. While I have no doubt that I want to pursue a research career in this field, I have often viewed the question of why as daunting. However, I have realized that my primary motivators can be distinctly defined: the prospect of doing something entirely novel, an appreciation for the challenging efforts that a research project necessitates, and the potential to…