Ligand field theory

Objective The purpose of the experiment is to synthesize multiple cobalt complexes with various ligands and explain the ligand field transitions of these complexes using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The experiment provides insight into specific colors of certain molecular species and respective bonding information. Introduction Transition elements are defined by the IUPAC as atoms that have an incomplete d-subshell, most commonly referring to the d-block.1 When transition metals are not bonded to any other molecule, the d-orbitals are degenerate.2 However, when the metal starts bonding with other ligands, effects on the electrons attached to the metal are induced. Specifically, the d-orbitals split, obtain different energy…

Therefore, ν_as and ν_s would both be raised upon coordination with respect to free nitrite ions1, and according to figure 1, these features were possessed by "[Ni" ("N" "O" _"2" )_"2" ("en" )_"2" "]" which was thus a nitro complex. This was also evidenced in its red colour and its shorter λ_max of UV-visible absorption relative to other complexes. Here, the NO_2^- ions would be bound with the N end, above and below the plane of "[Ni" ("en" )_"2" ]^"2+" , exerting a stronger ligand field…

Introduction What are enzymes and how do they affect reactions? Enzymes force reactions, in cells, to maintain a speed necessary for life. Enzymes can also be considered catalysts because they require the reactions to arise faster without themselves changing. For this experiment, the substrate in the enzymatic reaction was sucrase, and it will be causing sucrose to change resulting in the following equation: Sucrose → Glucose + Fructose Where the arrow is in the equation indicates the enzyme,…

Albert Einstein introduced his theory of General Relativity in 1915 (New Site). This theory includes a field equation for gravity, which consists of three terms: two tensors that represent space-time and the energy-momentum tensor. The energy momentum tensor represents the matter and energy in the universe which bends space-time to produce gravity (lecture 1). His equation is seen in Figure 1. Figure 1 On the right side of the equation is the matter and energy tensor and, on the left, are…

on table 11.1, very few women worked in what were considered “men’s fields.” These fields consisted of civil engineers, auto mobile and mechanical, and dentistry field. In contrast, women tended to work as registered nurses, kindergarten and preschool teachers. Over the past 30 years, more women have migrated into what were once considered men’s jobs, but for most fields, these numbers are still statistically low. According to the U.S.…

Summary: The dad left the family so they brought in a crazy man from the mental hospital to work on their fields it was suggested by the neighbours but they didn’t think the mom would actually go do that. After a few weeks Emaline and her mom enjoyed the crazy man’s company. Introduction: The family lives on a farm that has been around for generations. The father of Emaline owns it, for his father passed it on to him. Emaline’s dad never wanted to be a farmer; he wanted to work on the…

In this essay it will explain about the similarities and differences between two units of Algebra 1, Unit 2 and Unit 4. Between Unit 2 and Unit 4 there are many similarities and differences in their lessons. In Unit 2 its lessons were based off of equalities, or equations, and in Unit 4 it is based off of inequalities. There are three main related lessons between these two units and they are, one-step equations to solving inequalities with addition and subtraction, multi-step equations to…

alongside Cesar Chavez and hundreds of other protesters outside the Delano, California vineyards. The rays of the burning sun, searing their skin were the least of their concerns. Protesters were there to proclaim justice for all the farm workers that had been denied the right for proper working conditions in the fields. Bertha Silva came from a Mexican decedent, her parents moved to Delano, California when she was the age of 11. Soon after arriving, the family started working in the grape…

times fewer women, especially minorities, have been involved in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). This information serves as a chilling contradiction to the late 1960s when technological jobs such as computer programming was deemed as something a savvy young woman could do even comparing computer planning to “planning a dinner”. This paper will analyze why there has been a decrease in the amount of women in the fields of STEM, ways to increase the percentage…

Walking out onto the green grass of the Braden River Soccer Fields, I have butterflies in my stomach. It was a hot, beautiful day with the sun beating down and not a cloud in the sky. I look at the small, red clubhouse building and see four of my teammates sitting down against the wall of it. I hardly knew anyone on my team, except a boy named Noah with blond, curly hair and pale skin. As my team showed up one by one, nobody said anything to each other. Before the game started, our coach, Coach…