Ligand

GS in 10 mL of 250 mg U(VI) L-1 with ionic strength varying from 0.001-0.5 M NaClO4 at 25 oC for 24 h. 2.4 Effect of inorganic and organic ligands In order to explore the effect of inorganic and organic ligands on uranium uptake, 0.010 g of GS were equilibrated for 24 h with 10 mL of solution containing 250 mg U(VI) L-1, pH 3 at 25 oC at different ligands concentrations. More specifically, concentrations ranged 0.001-0.5 M for NO3- and Cl-, 0.001-0.02 for HCOO- and CH3COO-, 0.01-0.1 M for…

higher potential risk for having systemic lupus erythematosus. However, we just have a rough concept of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The four factors which have a possible relationship with systemic lupus erythematosus are the CK40 ligand, Epstein‐Barr virus, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and tobacco smoking. For the future study, more experiments should be conducted to certain the pathogenesis of SLE. Also, Brown et al (2010) proposed that systemic lupus erythematosus may…

CD86 is a ligand protein on the surface of Antigen presenting cells which binds to CD28 and CTLA4 on T cells for its activation to suppress immunity. E. 3’IgH Enhancer Region or Regulatory region at 3’ end of Immunoglobulin heavy chain is involved in transcription…

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Effect of pH on the percent extraction values of Sn(II) by SbS-DET. The effect of pH of reacting species such as metal ions and ligands for the formation of metal complexes is known to play a significant role in their removal and extraction processes [24]. To evaluate and identify the possible contribution of pH value of metal ion on the SbS-DET process for the formation of Sn(II)–(8HQ)2 complex via complexation and removal of Sn(II) from aqueous…

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is primarily in charge of controlling most of bowel and gut movements and is a relatively new concept. The ENS is made up of multiple ganglia that function organs including: the small and large intestines, stomach, liver, gallbladder, appendix, and pancreas. Hirschsprung’s disease can result from a mutation of the ENS. Hirschsprung’s disease is a condition where the colon partially forms due to the mutant genes that have preceded it during the development of the…

State of the Problem In its variety of forms, cancer is estimated to affect more than 14 million people per year, and is the cause the death of more than 8 million (National Cancer Institute). Despite millions of dollars of research in the field, and a concentrated effort by researchers around the globe, a panacea for cancer doesn’t exist, although much headway has been made in earlier detection and better treatment methods. Much of the difficulty in treating the disease lies in its diversity;…

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are ligands for the PPARγ receptor, a pair of nuclear hormone receptors that are involved in the regulation of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism.2 Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are the two TZDs currently used to treat patients with type II diabetes. These medications are insulin sensitizers and increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake by 30-50%.2 The patient will not receive the maximum glucose uptake effect until 1-3 months of taking the medication. In…

on complex interactions such as bond formation between enzymes and substrate, or more broadly: macromolecules and ligands. Purification is at the center of the use of affinity chromatography. In general, samples may be run through a gel that contains a corresponding component that binds with the sample at certain conditions. These conditions vary from acidity level, contending ligands, to ionic strength (Dean). Following the formation of the desired interaction, another component (a buffer) is…

NK-cells (natural killers) represent a heterogeneous lymphocytes population of innate immune system. They have a natural cytolytic activity, are capable of producing cytokines and chemokines and are involved in the antiviral and antitumor body control. In the quiescent state, an average diameter of NK-cell is about 8.7 microns, while in the moment of its activation it may increase its size up to 10-12 microns (Ferlazzo et al., 2004). This feature was the reason for the initial determination of…

Pain is modulated by descending mechanisms of nociceptive transmission between the brain and spinal cord. Multiple brain regions, pathways, and chemical mediators are involved in this modulation of pain. One type of powerful mediator involved in pain modulation are opioids. Endogenous opioid peptides, as well as exogenous opioid agonists, bind and activate opioid receptors. Activated opioid receptors directly inhibit ON cells and also inhibit GABAergic interneurons which inhibit OFF cells, thus…