Hydrogen

The Kd for o-Toluic acid dissolved in dichloromethane and deionized water was 19.8. This result indicates that ortho-toluic acid dissolved more into the organic phase (dichloromethane) than in the aqueous phase (water). The methyl-phenyl group is water hating (hydrophobic) and because of this would tend to dissolve in another hydrophobic solvent. This follows the results found since more dissolved in the dichloromethane. This follows the adage “like dissolves like.” The dipole interaction…

As it can be seen the concentration of the phenol compounds decreased as the hydrogen peroxide increases. The presence of the anions decreases the rates of the phenolic compounds, the sulfates influence in a smaller degree. For phenol and 2-nitrophenol the difference in slope or degradation rates for chloride and sulfate are 0.71 and 0.55, and only 0.16 for 2-chlorophenol. The presence of chloride inhibits in greater proportion the formation of hydroxyl radicals than the sulfate , this can be…

Carbohydrates have the following basic composition. They are molecular compounds made from three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides are simple sugars with multiple OH groups. Based on number of carbons 3, 4, 5, 6, a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose or hexose respectively. Disaccharides are condensation products of two monosaccharide units; examples are maltose and sucrose. A disaccharide is 2 monosaccharides covalently linked molecule. Polysaccharides are polymers…

Ammonia is a compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen, having the formula NH3. The ammonia molecule is formed by sp3 orbitals as it has a tetrahedral geometry and a trigonal pyramidal shape. Ammonia has an experimentally determined bond angle of 106.7°, and an a bond length of 101.7 pm. The nitrogen atom in the molecule has a lone electron pair, which gives the molecule a dipole moment and polarity. Ammonia’s lone electron pair makes NH3 a base, a proton acceptor, and gives it the ability to…

shiny before being put in. After being placed in the acid, the metal was much less shiny and weighed less. The acid was eating away at the zinc coating on the surface of the metal causing the solution to bubble vigorously, indicating that a gas (hydrogen) was being released. This was the corrosion taking…

To prevent rust or oxidation, most macromolecules essential for human existence are shielded from molecular oxygen or oxygen equivalents with hydrogen molecules (reduction). Oxygen equivalents are those compounds that remove these protective hydrogen molecules from other compounds. They are also called oxidizing agents. Compounds that restore these hydrogen molecules are called reducing…

oxygen, killing fish and other organisms which is crucial to the freshwater environment. Acid rain is a type of pollutant which has impacted the southern Appalachian Mountains. Acid rain is a level four on the pH level which measures the amount of hydrogen in a substance. This pollutant falls into our freshwater ecosystems, and kills many of the living organisms due to the high acidity in the water. Heavy metals are extremely dangerous and causes a multitude of problems for our freshwater. Lead,…

Polarization curve Fuel cell creates 1.16 V of equilibrium potential between hydrogen and oxygen. However, the actual open circuit voltage is around 1 V due to temperature, pressure, and the concentration of the reactant. The ohmic loss is the resistance loss induced by the unique resistances of the component of fuel cell. And the concentration loss occurs when reaction rates of hydrogen and oxygen are faster than their supply rates. (1) The diffusion flux created according to…

Luminol is used to reveal traces of blood in crime scenes, using a light producing chemical reaction, between many chemicals, and hemoglobin. It is a powdery compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Mixing C8H7N3O2 (luminol) with H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), causes it to become a liquid. Hydrogen peroxide and luminol are the two main parts of this chemical reaction. To produce a strong glow, a catalyst needs to be present. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a…

1. Which one of the following would make the most suitable catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? A. Carbon dioxide (CO2) B. Sodium chloride (NaCl) C. Magnesium oxide (MgO) D. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 2. If the temperature of a reaction is decreased, what effect will this have on the rate of reaction? A. It will have no effect. B. The reaction will stop. C. The rate of reaction will increase. D. The rate of reaction will decrease. 3. Given the equilibrium reaction in a closed…