Hydrogen

determines its functions and properties. Structure of water Water the molecule In a water molecule, there is one oxygen that has six valence electrons in its outer shell and acts as the central atom. Two of these electrons is shared with the two hydrogen atoms which have one valance electron each in their outer shell giving a chemical formula of H2O. This shared pair helps to fill…

It hoped to understand the 3rd aspect of molecular hydrogen as it is evident It is therapeutic in numerous illnesses. In conclusion, the severity of the issues of oxidative stress/disturbance in redox homeostasis that can lead to a variety of deleterious effects can’t be countered with conventional anti-oxidants and molecular hydrogen has shown promising results in maintained of oxidative stress and redox homeostasis  [1] Oxidative Stress…

electrical bonding with the oxygen and hydrogen molecules are covalent and ionic. Ionic is weaker than covalent, and involves two opposite charges being attractive one another. Covalent bonding is slightly stronger, which shares the outermost valence electrons with other atoms. Covalent bonding is the attraction which keeps the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together. The key importance for water to have the variety of properties is due to the structure of having hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The oxygen…

Assignment: Chemistry of Magnesium and Silicon Magnesium Properties Magnesium is a group is a group 2 element with the symbol, Mg, an atomic number of 12 and has a molar mass of 24.31 [1]. It is made up of 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 12 electrons. It’s electron configuration is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2 this given as noble gas configuration is [Ne]3s2. It has a melting point of 650 °C and a boiling point of 1090 °C [2]. It has a metallic radius of 150 pm, a coordination number of 72(6), and a density of…

Experiment 5: Anions and Redox Reactions Introduction (a) Objectives General: To examine the importance of potassium permanganate as an oxidising agent and the strong powers of halogens in oxidation. Part 1 Determining the colour associated with a certain halogen by adding a sample of the halogen to cyclohexane and recording the colours observed. Part 2 Identifying a halogen referring to the colours recorded in part 1, by reacting the halogen with a halide and observing the colour present.…

Basicity of Pyridine vs Pyrrole The lower the pKb value of a compound, the stronger a base it is. Since pyridine has a lower pKb value, it is a stronger base than pyrrole. In this example, we cannot use either the steric factor or inductive factor to explain their basicity. Instead, we have to look at the hybridization state of the respective nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen atoms in pyrrole and pyridine are sp2 hybridized because they satisfy the following two conditions: 1) the atom has at least…

The electrochemical properties of the squaraine dyes (SQ1 & SQ2) were investigated. The effects of the chemical structures of two SQ1&SQ2 dyes were selected in relation to the variable property of -COOH substituent for SQ1 compare to SQ2 which without substituent and determine their potential energy levels in ground and excited states HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO energy levels of the SQ1 & SQ2 dyes are -5.19 eV and -5.16 eV. The LUMO energy levels are calculated to be -3.08 eV and -3.1eV respectively…

Gasoline is a product that is made of of carbon atoms joined together into carbon chains. The different lengths of the chains create different fuels. These chains have different characteristics that make them behave differently in several circumstances. The characteristics like the boiling point or the ignition temperature. A motor’s cylinder heats up when the fuel is compressed into it. If the fuel reaches its ignition temperature during compression, it will then auto-ignite at the wrong time.…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

1.0. Synopsis The objective of this experiment is to use the gravimetric method to determine the concentration of sulfate. Gravimetric analysis is a method used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass. To determine the concentration of the sulfate, the precipitation of Barium sulfate is done first by adding the sulfate solution with hydrochloric acid, then heating while stirring it. Next is the washing and filtration of the Barium Sulfate precipitate,…