Group processes

During the 1950s and 1960s, in order to explain how the brain worked, it was thought of as a machine with specific compartments that held certain information. For instance, there was part of the brain that was specific to speech. While there is a part of the brain that is predominantly for speech (the temporal lobe), the brain does not work as a machine. For instance, we don’t suddenly stop to wait for a respond or information telling us to walk, we just walk. As Spivey mentions, our behavior…

1. According to Loftus’ research, memory is changeable, variable and we can reconstruct it over time. We don’t just play back the recorded memory. The process is much more complex that we think it is. However, the most common reason of reconstructing memory is faulty-eye witness memory. People reconstruct memories when inaccurate or misleading information entered their memory brain system and cause an alteration and contamination of the memory. They start to believe that they actually…

Briefly explain each. • The steps of the scientific method are observation, define problem, construct a hypothesis, test the experiment/ gather evidence, and draw a conclusion. Observation is the procedure of collecting information about events and processes carefully. It involves with seeing and hearing. Defining the problem is when you identify a conflict that requires a solution to be solved. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on the evidence and observation. Testing the hypothesis…

from long-term memory. The theory of this study is that there is a relationship between working-memory-capacity and recall from long-term memory. This study will attempt to test this theory in a course of conducting two experiments on two different groups recruited from the same eligible pool of…

The most prominent theory of working memory is Baddeley’s multicomponent model (Baddeley,1986, 2000; Baddeley & Hitch,1974). The assumption of this theory is that working memory is made up of several different components. These components are the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, the episodic buffer, and the central executive. The phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer are specialized subsystems under the control of a generalized executive controller,…

study, there were 4 conditions. Group 1: read a fake Disney Advert with no cartoon characters. Group 2: read a fake ad with no cartoon characters, but were exposed to a cardboard figure of Bugs Bunny (BB) placed in the interview room. Group 3: read the fake advert referring to BB. Group 4: read the fake advert featuring BB and were exposed to the cardboard cutout of BB. The results were that in group 3 30% of the participants and 40% of the participants in group 4 remembered meeting Bugs Bunny…

It can be difficult to put a direct definition on the word “forgetting.” It can be simply known as the lack of being able to recall information. There are three key steps to memorizing: encoding, storage, and retrieval. These are the three processes that can also be interrupted to cause us to forget. A failure in encoding can mean that something was not actually memorized. This can be explained through not learning something, or by overlooking it. One of the examples in the textbook is…

This article by Smith et al., 2015, tests how pictures can have an effect on false memories especially in older adults. The researchers were interested in why pictures can decrease false memories in older adults but why visual words do not decrease false memories in older adults as they do in younger adults. In this study there were two experiments with both older and young adults. The first experiment tests whether young adults would have higher false recall being presented with sounds of words…

Memory is the ability to recall something after it has happened. There are three stages that are gone through to make a memory: the encoding, storage, and retrieval. The encoding is the initial learning or experience of an event. Storage is just the holding of information until the retrieval which is when you access the information. If there is a mishap between these stages, then the memory will be loss. These stages are vital to the making of a memory, and help filter the important information…

1. a) Define memory, and b) explain how flashbulb memories differ from other memories. Memory is the learning of an individual that continues to exists overtime. It is the information that is obtained, stored, and gained from the surroundings and experience of an individual, which helps people to learn new skills and abilities where they are able to collect the information to their memory where it is gathered. However, the flashbulb memories differ from other memories because it is the…