European Court of Justice

The European Union Introduction The European Union (EU) evolved from a regional economic agreement between six neighboring states, to today’s supranational organization of 28 nations across the European continent. These six states often accorded founding nation status include France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, Germany, and Italy. The lasting peace that has in the past half a century prevailed in Europe can largely be attributed to the formation of the European Union. As a matter of fact,…

Leases over 3years must be registered with land register but a licence is terminated whenever requested by the owner. Unless a tenant has exclusive possession there is no lease but a mere licence. This can be shown in the case Street v Mountford [1985], where Ms Wendy Mountford had concluded an agreement with the landlord for exclusive residential occupation (of…

is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe. In addition to Hungarian, many speak English, German, French or Russian. Hungary has a population of 9.8 million people and their largest city, which is also their capital, is Budapest. The country is also divided into 19 counties, 20 urban counties and Budapest has its own county status. Hungary is a far way less developed country than other western European countries, but they are still to be considered a…

the Supreme Court under article 3 of the constitution. It is the ultimate authority in constitutional interpretation and its decisions can only be overturned by a constitutional amendment. In the UK, a supreme court was established in 2009 to provide greater clarity in the UK’s constitutional arrangements. In the UK, under the concept of Parliamentary Sovereignty, it is parliament which makes the laws but it is the courts who are tasked with interpreting them. Membership of the European Union…

the civil justice system and the criminal justice system. Both the systems have their own set of rules and procedures, courts and systems. Legal disputes between the private individuals in areas like family law, company law, partnership law, law of banking and finance, consumer law and likewise are resolved by the civil justice system whereas the criminal justice system looks into serious crimes, murder, drug trafficking and similar cases which are prohibited by law. The criminal court structure…

leads to complications in the courts as well. The legal aspects of a case can sometimes be so complicated that even the lawyers find it hard to comprehend the exact details. This situation especially applies for fraud trials which are very long and complex. Therefore, a jury’s capacity to handle the density of such cases with little or no legal qualifications is very limited. This can be supported with the results of a two-year research conducted by the Ministry of Justice. One of the key…

Ireland as a state is a member of many international organisations, including the United Nations and the Council of Europe. The state is also a party to many international treaties and conventions. However, even though these agreements have been signed and acknowledged, they have no legal force within the state. The reason for this is because Ireland takes a dualist approach to international law. Monism and dualism are theories describing the relationship between international law and domestic…

Each Country has their own Justice System and each will differ slightly from the United States. In the end the end result is all the same which is getting their country as safe as possible and looking up the offenders that cannot be a good member productive member of their society. The two Justice System in this paper that will be discussed are the United States and The German justice system. Three items will be compared and contrasted within this paper such as International Police Cooperation…

guide of European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR), Human Right Act by Access to Justice(A2J) advice service Introduction and history of European Convention on Human Rights - The European Convention on Human Rights ' (Short form: ECHR) full name is the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. - ECHR Signed in Rome in 4th November, 1950 under the auspices of the Council of Europe. Entered into force in 3rd September, 1953[ Aisha Gani,‘What is the European…

The European Investigation Order into Criminal Matters Collecting evidence is at the core of any criminal proceeding. It enables policing authorities to identify potential offenders, helping to demonstrate a perpetrators guilt or innocence. National borders are not a consideration when criminal activity occurs. Criminal cross-border activity investigation requires cooperation between prosecutors, judges and the European Union across the borders. Transnational criminal activity is on the…