DNA repair

and positional cloning often involving the use of polymorphic DNA markers to identify the best candidate gene that can…

DNA. Arguably the most exalted three letters from all of biology, on par with the prevalent H20 of chemistry and Einstein’s e=mc^2 of physics. We’ve all heard of this three letter acronym, perhaps tried to spell the full deoxyribonucleic acid once or twice. But we don’t often consider how just one letter mistake, one wrong copy of a gene, a tiny error in this code of life, may have drastic effects on the health of a human. What if we could alter some genes, fix up a few there, go into the…

suggested purposes for cloning technology. In one branch of study the media has termed “Farmaceuticals,” scientists can harvest proteins and medications from livestock by inserting “a human gene for a medically useful protein into an animal embryo's DNA and place the embryo…

DNA wrapped around histones is a DNA-protein complex called chromatin that exists within the nucleus. How would spatial and temporal arrangement of these chromatin affect the gene expression in the eukaryotic genome? With the development of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) and the techniques that followed, it is now significantly easier to study the relationship between organization and gene expression within the nucleus. It has been used to identify long-range chromatin interactions. The…

example, the article describes how the Dachshund gene was duplicated and activated in the patella region which formed kneecaps, providing flexibility (DeMarco, 2015). In class I learned about the different types of errors that can occur during DNA replication and repair. I learned that duplication can occur through replication slippage or unequal crossing over. Also, three arrangements of duplications can occur, which are known as tandem, reverse tandem, and terminal tandem. The material…

Normal Healthy Cells Versus Cancer Cells All living organisms are composed of cells. These cells grow and divide in a controlled manner in order for the organism to function properly. Changes in normal cells can cause them to grow uncontrollably. This uncontrollable growth is the sign of cancer cells. Normal cells have certain characteristics that are important for the proper functioning of tissues, organs, and body systems. These cells have the ability to reproduce correctly, stop…

oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (American Cancer Society, 2016). Oncogenes are gene that cause out of control cell growth that become cancerous. Tumor suppressor genes, are genes that slow down the cellular division that leads to errors in DNA repair, which prevents the cells from inducing apoptosis (You & Jones, 2012). Yearly, cancer causes 8.1 million deaths worldwide, and 14 million new cases arise. Currently, there are treatments…

Your DNA is relatively free from mutation DNA is constantly replicating itself in your cells to grow, which can lead to some errors in replication and recombination, and is also subject to bombardment from environmental factors everyday (such as UV rays or cigarette smoke, which can damage DNA and lead to cancer.) This leads to more than one quintillion DNA changes in one day, and you’re probably asking how you don’t have superpowers already. DNA mutations can be dangerous, and often cause…

Genetic Susceptibility Genetic susceptibility plays a role in many types of cancer and other diseases. Finding the genes involved in susceptibility to diseases can be important for risk management. It known as inherited risk of developing a disease. Having a genetic predisposition for a disease does not mean that people will get that disease, but the patient risk may be higher than that of the general population. For example, some people with a predisposing genetic variation will never get the…

is made up of trillions of cells that grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. This process is a strongly controlled one that is controlled by the DNA equipment within the cell. When a person is growing up, the cells of the body rapidly divide, but once adulthood is reached, cells generally only divide to replace worn-out, dying cells or to repair injured cells. Neoplasia describes when these cells multiply in an abnormal manner that is not matched with the surrounding tissue. These rogue…