DNA repair

The biological instructions that make each species unique is a code often referred to as Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. In every cell in an organism DNA can be found in the cell’s nucleus. mRNA a replication of DNA leaves the cell’s nucleus and journeys to the mitochondria. Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are the four coded chemical bases that the DNA uses to store information. Three of these bases code for a triplet of a codon. DNA’s four chemical bases each have a pair; A…

are made up of organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every piece of their DNA is identical. Cells, genes, tissues and entire organisms can be created through cloning. Aside from cloning being done in a lab, clones do happen naturally. Identical twins are just one natural example of cloning. In the case there would be presumably no danger of rejection of the transplant because the organs DNA would match the patient 's DNA exactly. Also the patients would not have to wait until an related…

In this era, there is still a bit of confusion on the word ¨cloning¨. To consider the exact cloning of another human being forces me to question the exact concept of right or wrong that makes us all humans. On the other, hand Therapeutic cloning can help create vital organs. Because of cloning, Science could advance to a point where millions of people will have access to lifesaving therapies developed using their own DNA.This would mean therapeutic cloning can be helpful for people, who are…

Deinococcus radiodurans was discovered in 1956 by scientists accidently, after a can of corned beef had been treated with radiation in order to kill any harmful microorganisms that might have been present in the canned meat. Since its accidental discovery, D. radiodurans has been intriguing scientists with is astonishing resistance to ionizing radiation, UV radiation, electrophilic mutagens, oxidizing agents, and desiccation. This gram-positive bacteria usually forms in spherical pairs or…

Free radicals form when weak bonds split. They need to be stable so they react very fast with other compounds. When the free radical attacks a molecule, it takes an electron, which turns that molecule into a free radical. It is like the domino effect. The body may also create free radicals on its own. It creates them in small amounts so it’s not very harmful to the body. Harmful things in the environment will also create them. The body is only able to handle a certain number of free radicals…

While mitosis, an asexual process, is required for the growth, development, and repair of a cell, meiosis, a sexual process, creates genetic diversity through sexual reproduction. Mitosis can occur in any organism, but meiosis only occurs in humans, animals, plants, and fungi. Another difference between mitosis and meiosis is that the…

Science and medicine go hand in hand, especially as it works with genes and DNA. Research and study of genetics has uncovered some underlying disorders that can now be treated because of science. Stem cells have been known to have multiple benefits when it comes to medicine. This research has not only generated treatments for health issues such as medicines, but also allows reconstruction of cells or tissues that need repair. The NIH Stem Cell Information Center stated, “Stem cells, directed to…

genomic integrity when cells sustain DNA damage. The p53 protein functions as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates expression of various genes encoding proteins involved in cell-cycle checkpoints (e.g., p21WAF1/CIP1), apoptosis, and DNA repair .Since its important role in many cellular processes, p53 is prone to mutations and is mutated in 80–90% of NSCLCs and in 50% of SCLCs [Sekido et al., 2001]. Most missense mutations in the TP53 gene occur in the DNA-binding domain, abolishing its…

such as potatoes and corn may also affect the cell reparation of malfunctioning cells thus might cause more malfunction do to unknown studies. Scientists also made advances in the genetic in the genetic testing. Enabling doctors to examine patient's DNA which contains genetic material for indications that person or embryo is at risk of developing a disorder. (s.1 p.3) GMO's can do both good and bad to the earth and too people and animals but there are plenty of unknown documented evidence…

Werner’s syndrome (WS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disease that will cause premature aging for both men and women, where symptoms may start showing up during or after puberty and will continue on through their entire lifetime.1 This being said, there is a great disproportion between a patient’s real age and the perceived appearance age. A patient that is diagnosed with WS will age progressively faster than its peers, and the median lifespan is around 54 years of age.2 Another name for…