Branched-chain amino acids

through the nuclear pore and attach itself to a ribosome where translation takes place (OCR, 2008). The second stage is the process known as translation where the ribosome ‘reads’ the mRNA in chunks of three (codons). Each codon codes for a particular Amino Acid (AA) which is then binds to the mRNA strand using a tRNA. When a second AA is brought, a peptide bond forms between these two and this process carries on until a stop codon is reached (OCR, 2008). The process whereby AA are bought and a…

Each gene has instructions to make or build a protein. In protein coding the sequence is always in groups of three nucleotides. These groups of three are called codons. Every codon has one amino acid in a protein. All proteins need to start with the ATG codon. Most biological activities are carried out by proteins. In order to have the DNA sequence that reads ATG-ACT-CAT-GAG-TGA to be translated into the RNA to build a protein there has to be proteins that are not the same to be able to…

plasma proteins. The weak acids and neutral drugs tend to bind to albumin (the range of drugs binding is the widest) which is one of the most common proteins found in blood plasma. This binding to the plasma proteins can play a significant role in determining drug distribution. This binding also plays a role in drug dynamics in that only the unbound or free drugs interact with the receptors and penetrate the cell membranes. Albumin along with others (i.e. lipoproteins, al-acid-glycoprotein) help…

the ability to properly break down an amino acid. To explain, the body needs proteins for the growth and building new cells and repair membranes, body gets protein from meat, fish, milk, eggs, grains, nuts, and then converts the protein into amino acids. The body gets rid of amino acids that are needed across the urine. Babies with this disease are missing an enzyme its called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is needed to break down an essential amino acid called phenylalanine. The substance…

In sequence 2 the protein that was discovered was Presenilin or PSEN. Presenilin helps to process proteins that transmit chemical signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus ( PSEN1 gene ). These genes are used for cell growth and maturation.The protein makes sure that the cells are growing properly and that they are maturing properly as well. Presenilin is also known for its role in processing amyloid precursor protein which is located in the brain and the brain tissue (PSEN1 gene ). Amyloid…

Creamy Zucchini Hummus Flavors, Textures, Visual Appeal, and Presentation The Creamy Zucchini Hummus turned out quite smooth, despite my makeshift food processor. I really enjoyed the taste and knowing that it did not use any beans like traditional hummus. It is also nice that this is a veggie-centric dip. It made the perfect complement to the Sesame Orange Crisps. Modifications I followed the recipe as instructed, except I added a full clove of garlic for that extra kick. Cooking Process…

Creatine is one of the most beneficial substance that aid and help athletes improve performance. Creatine was first discovered back in 1832 when researcher Michel Eugene Chevreul “isolated it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He later named the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word for meat, κρέας (kreas)” (Creatine wikipedia). Even though creatine was discovered back then, it was dropped and then picked back up in 1912, when Otto Folin and Willy Glover Denis from…

1. a) The three parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and the deoxyribose sugar. b) Deoxyribose sugar is the sugar that is found in a nucleotide. c) The nitrogen-containing base is the nucleotide component that contains nitrogen. d) The four nitrogen bases shown in Model 1 are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. 2. a) I pointed at a single nucleotide on the ladder model of DNA, on the worksheet. The nucleotide included phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and…

both present in a tertiary structure, the whole chain may then be folded further to give the protein molecule a complex globular shape that is known ate the tertiary structure. Similarly to the secondary structure the tertiary structure of protein is determined by a sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. (Inge B et al, 2001 page 45) This means that the tertiary structure refers to the overall three dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain. As seen in the image below. Proteins are…

Proteins are important to human physiology and play an essential role in bodily function. Isoforms of proteins can result in increased susceptibility to many diseases. One such isoform can be observed in the polymorphic protein APO-E, which exists in the ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 isoforms (Mahley and Rall, 2000). The most common isoform is ApoE3, which is considered the normal isoform for the known physiology of APOE. APOE plays a role in transporting and metabolizing plasma cholesterol and…