Beta amyloid

characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive function, and is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-B (AB) protein and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Although the exact pathogenesis of AD is still uncertain, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms behind the cognitive deficits that are seen in AD. The amyloid cascade hypothesis, which asserts that amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis results in the accumulation of AB peptides that aggregate to form…

Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer 's disease in 1994, which was after his presidential term. Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is an incurable and debilitating chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is the leading cause of dementia worldwide (Kazim and Iqbal, 2016). Many of Reagan’s speech characteristics changed and can be associated with the neurological structures such as the myelination of the neurons as well as specific genes and the thickness of the surrounding cells of the…

protein. Scientists are not positive of what causes cell death and tissue loss in the Alzheimer 's brain, but plaques and tangles seem to be the cause. Plaques are formed by protein pieces called beta-amyloid. Beta-amyloid comes from a larger protein found in the fatty membrane surrounding nerve cells. Beta-amyloid is chemically "sticky" and gradually builds up into plaques. The small clumps may block cell-to-cell signaling at synapses. They may also activate immune system cells that trigger…

Few decades ago, developments in health care have given to individuals to be more healthy and living longer. As a result, the number of people with non communicable diseases such as dementia is reduced. Despite dementia principally influence older people; it is not usual part of ageing. Dementia is a syndrome caused by a numerous of brain illnesses leading to loss memory, abnormal behavior, disability and cause extreme effect in individuals’ lives. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the major form of…

Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder disease that gradually the patient’s mental abilities are analyzed. The most obvious manifestation of dementia is memory disorder. Memory impairment often gradually created and progresses. At first, memory impairment and learning to recent events is limited but old memories are gradually damaged as well. For example a patient answers a question and if someone asked that question a few moments after she can’t answer it. The patient lost his personal staff…

A-beta (Aβ) peptide is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) which is a transmembrane protein with a 590-680 amino acid long extracellular amino terminal domain and an approximately 55 amino acid long cytoplasmic tail which contains intracellular trafficking signals…

any other disease. Pathophysiology The ultimate cause of Alzheimer’s is currently unknown, but there are two basic problems that scientists think cause Alzheimer’s to develop. The first problem is plaques. Plaques are clumps of protein called beta amyloid. The plaques damage and destroy brain cells, sometimes interfering…

The amyloid hypothesis which describes AD pathology involves overproduction of amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in increased amyloid beta (Aβ) protein and damage to the blood brain barrier (9). This causes amyloid plaque formation, consequently resulting in cell death due to inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuronal cell receptor overactivation…

out of two different types of proteins which are called Beta-Amyloid protein and Tau Protein. These proteins are usually formed to help our brain cells’ communication. Like for example Beta-Amyloid protein is a protein that is usually released from a bigger protein called the APP protein (In which the APP protein is located on the surface of the cell) that usually used to be cleared inside the body. But in Alzheimer’s disease the Beta-Amyloid…

PARKINSON’S DISEASE PD is irreversible, progressive disease, described by James Prkinson’s in 1817 in “An essay on the Shaking Palsy”. The incidence of PD increases with age, more than 2.6% population of age 85-90 are affected, some rare cases individuals with age group 60 above are affected approximately 0.6% (54). Majority are idiopathic. Signs include difficulty in movement, tremor, rigidity. Pathologically, PD affects a part of substantia nigra. Patients those who are suffering from PD are…