Beta amyloid

plaques now a day are known as Amyloid plaques, which are made up of fragments of a protein called beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) mixed with a collection of additional proteins, remnants of neurons, and bits and pieces of other nerve cells. To describe where Aβ originates, first we have to talk about the APP gene. APP gene is located on chromosome 21 and tells the cells how to make amyloid precursor protein. His protein is found in many tissues and organs, including CNS. Amyloid precursor protein is…

Dementia is characterised by a cluster of symptoms and signs manifested by difficulties in memory and will be outlined as a clinical syndrome disturbances in language and different psychological feature functions, such as behavioural changes in impairment in daily living duties (Qiu et al. 2009). Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was founded by a German medical specialist DR. Alois Alzheimer in 1906, DR. Alzheimer observed Physiological changes in brain tissue of a female who recently passed away with…

The neurodegenerative diseases, or dementias, are characterized by progressive and irreversible degeneration of the neurons from specific regions of the brain. The pattern of neuronal loss is selective and compromises one or more groups of neurons, without affecting the others. An interesting aspect of these dementias is them arise without any apparent triggering stimulus and in patients with no history of neurological deficits. Alzheimer’s disease is the most prominent of these dementias,…

made up of another protein are known as tangles. In the areas where tangles are formed nutrients and other necessities can no longer move through the cells. This causes a build up of a protein, beta-amyloid, between nerve cells known as plaques. . (Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics) These clumps of beta-amyloid block communication amongst other cells sometimes leading to inflammation of the brain. The tangles consist of a protein called tau. Tau allows food molecules to travel along “tracks”.…

before getting diagnosis. There are five stages of Alzheimer’s disease; preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia, moderate dementia, and severe dementia. Preclinical can last for years without symptoms but mew technologies can show the amyloid beta (Alzheimer’s Trademark) proteins. Mild cognitive impairment shows a slight change in memory and thinking. Mild dementia has easily picked out symptoms, from loss of memory to getting lost. Moderate dementia, people grow confuse and…

early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD), is linked to three gene defects: amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21, presenilin 1 (PSEN1) on chromosomes 14, and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) on chromosome 1 (McCance & Heuther, 2014). Mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 lead to FAD by increasing the rate that the brain produces a peptide called beta amyloid (Kumar, Abbas, & Aster, 2013). The overproduction of beta amyloid leads to: neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal and…

Have your ever missed placed your car keys and went crazy looking for them? This is how people with Alzheimer feel every day. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that causes memory lost, confusion and difficulty understanding questions (Mnt, Oct). This disease has been around for more than a hundred years and received its name from Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906 Dr. Alzheimer performed a cerebral autopsy on one of his patients that was experiencing memory lost and confusion prior her death.…

plaques littering the brain like shrapnel between neurons. The plaques consist of extracellular aggregations of beta-amyloid peptide, which is cut from a normal membrane precursor protein by enzymes” (464). As stated by Marieb and Hoehn (2016) “One form of Alzheimer's disease is caused by an inherited mutation in the gene for APP (precursor molecule), suggests that too much beta-amyloid may be toxic” (464). One of the many forms that can be found to be a factor. There are several different…

is abnormal accumulation and deposition of proteins in certain disease states causing malfunction in certain cells (Walker and LeVine 2000 p 83). The amyloid beta and amyloid tau protein are the proteins associated with affecting an Alzheimer’s brain. The most distinctive marker of Alzheimer’s is neurofillary tangles which are aggregates of amyloid tau proteins found in the brain (Kaur et al 2012 p 161). It is the most common characteristic neuropathic lesion and essential for neuropathological…

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a complex chronic metabolic disorder characterised by increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and involving an interplay of various genetic and environmental factors. This report discusses the pathogenesis and long term complications of type 2 diabetes as well as several pharmacological treatments. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Genetic predisposition contributes to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes as evidenced by a…