Aortic valve stenosis

the right atrium, from the right atrium the flows through the tricuspid valve. Upcoming the blood flow goes through the right ventricle, to the pulmonary valve, succeeding to the pulmonary artery than to the right and left lung. On the left side of the heart we have pulmonary veins the blood flow continues to the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve. The following the blood goes through the left ventricle to the aortic valve, than to the aorta, to the rest of the whole body. The heart is a…

ventricles to compare the sizes of the two structures. Upon the ultrasound you will visualize ventricular hypertrophy, absence of chamber dilation, inter-ventricular septum or left ventricular posterior wall thinning less than six millimeters, or mitral valve…

The second noise we hear, ‘the dub’ is the sound of the closing of the aortic and pulmonary vales, occurring during ventricular systole. Abnormal- Heart murmurs are extraneous heart sounds due to the turbulent flow of blood going backwards through the valves when they do not close tightly (regurgitation) or forwards through the valves that do not open completely (stenosis). The Role of autonomic NS on heart rate The heart is controlled by two branches of the autonomic…

Introduction: The delivery of safe Anaesthesia to patients today has developed alongside the increasing complex surgeries and operations that are carried out on patients as and when required, either for pre-planned operations or for acute medical emergency and trauma cases. Pre-operative meeting and assessment of the patient by an Anaesthetist (Medical Practitioner) ideally weeks before the planned surgery is essential for safe Anaesthesia to be delivered. Providing an adequate…

in the family; brother H.M. died at 86 years old 4. Heart attacks present in the family; father died at age of 72 years old; brother M.M. died at 71 years old 5. Stenosis present in the family; Brother J.M. died at 85 years old and B.K. was recently diagnosed with early stages of aortic stenosis and mitral valve stenosis. 72, Father, 76, Mother, Heart attack Stroke due to high BP 86, 85, CHF 71, heart attack 82, well 80, well…

They account for most of the cardiac diseases shown in women of childbearing age. There are also non-congenital heart diseases such as, mitral stenosis, aortic valve insufficiency, which are acquired conditions. However, the understanding is that most cardiac valvular diseases manifest during pregnancy are usually due to rheumatic fever. How to predict the maternal and fetal outcome? The average success…

pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is caused by leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries out into the interstitial space and alveoli. The most common cause of pulmonary edema is either a cardiac or vascular problem. Cardiac problems include mitral valve stenosis or left sided heart failure, both of which increase the pulmonary venous pressure and consequently pulmonary capillary pressure. Vascular problem could arise from an insult to the blood capillary membranes or lung parenchyma caused by…

system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common. In addition, with aging come a number of physiological and morphological changes that alter cardiovascular function and lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in healthy asymptomatic individuals. Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly…

Cardiac and respiratory conditions can be very hard on the child and the families of the child. There are many different cardiac and respiratory conditions that can affect a child, as well as their families. The great thing is that many of these conditions we are able to treat. The cardiac condition that I decided to research is the Tetralogy of Fallot and the respiratory condition is Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Tertralogy of Fallot is a birth defect and affects normal blood flow. During…

Introduction Congenital Heart Disease is apart of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is very important and fragile. It constitutes many functions with in the body. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a series of cardiac defects. This disease is mostly prevalent at birth. However, it can develop at a later stage in life. It has become very significant in adulthood. There are many forms of CHD. For example, atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. The heart is a very complex…