Blood
Blood consists of:
-White blood cells
-Red Blood Cells
-Plasma
-Platelets
White blood cells (WBC
Are also called leukocytes. They are the first line of defence when it comes to the human body fighting off infection. When something foreign enters the body the immune system snaps into response by sending white blood cells to fight off the infection. They either produce protective antibodies or they devour the bacteria.
On average a human would have a White Blood Cell Count of 7,000 in each micro litre of blood. If a person has an infection this number will rise in order to fight of the germs. The first sign of infection can see an increase of up to 25,000 per micro litre of blood.
Although if a person’s WBC is too high it is not necessarily …show more content…
This is in the right atrium. It generates electrical pulses regularly, which then spread throughout the heart allowing it to pump.
The wave of excitation is stopped by the non-conducting disc of tissue located at the bottom of the atria. It prevents the wave from causing the ventricles to contract too early.
The only path to the ventricles is through another node known as the Atrioventricular Node (AV)
At the AV node, the electrical pulse is delayed allowing the atria to fully contract. After this the wave then travels down the inter-ventricular wall, through the Purkyne which is a special conducting tissue. It travels towards the base (apex) and to the ventricular muscles.
When the wave reaches the muscles it starts the contraction and moves up the ventricles from the apex which causes further contraction. The contraction of the ventricles starts at the bottom and moves upwards, this is so that the blood is forced upwards into the arteries during ventricular …show more content…
The second noise we hear, ‘the dub’ is the sound of the closing of the aortic and pulmonary vales, occurring during ventricular systole.
Abnormal- Heart murmurs are extraneous heart sounds due to the turbulent flow of blood going backwards through the valves when they do not close tightly (regurgitation) or forwards through the valves that do not open completely (stenosis).
The Role of autonomic NS on heart rate
The heart is controlled by two branches of the autonomic nervous system.
• The sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
• The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
The SNS releases hormones to accelerate the heart rate.
The PNS releases the hormones acetylcholine to slow the heart rate.
What can temporarily affect the acceleration of your heart?
- stress
- excitement
- caffeine
Things such as meditating or taking deep breaths may help to slow down your heart rate.
Exercising will increase your heart rate and it will stay elevated for the amount of time exercise is continued. At the beginning of exercise, your body will remove the parasympathetic stimulation, which enables the heart rate to gradually increase. As your exercise gets more strenuous, the sympathetic system ‘kick in’ to accelerate your heart rate even more. This is because your tissues need more oxygen so the heart has to pump
Blood consists of:
-White blood cells
-Red Blood Cells
-Plasma
-Platelets
White blood cells (WBC
Are also called leukocytes. They are the first line of defence when it comes to the human body fighting off infection. When something foreign enters the body the immune system snaps into response by sending white blood cells to fight off the infection. They either produce protective antibodies or they devour the bacteria.
On average a human would have a White Blood Cell Count of 7,000 in each micro litre of blood. If a person has an infection this number will rise in order to fight of the germs. The first sign of infection can see an increase of up to 25,000 per micro litre of blood.
Although if a person’s WBC is too high it is not necessarily …show more content…
This is in the right atrium. It generates electrical pulses regularly, which then spread throughout the heart allowing it to pump.
The wave of excitation is stopped by the non-conducting disc of tissue located at the bottom of the atria. It prevents the wave from causing the ventricles to contract too early.
The only path to the ventricles is through another node known as the Atrioventricular Node (AV)
At the AV node, the electrical pulse is delayed allowing the atria to fully contract. After this the wave then travels down the inter-ventricular wall, through the Purkyne which is a special conducting tissue. It travels towards the base (apex) and to the ventricular muscles.
When the wave reaches the muscles it starts the contraction and moves up the ventricles from the apex which causes further contraction. The contraction of the ventricles starts at the bottom and moves upwards, this is so that the blood is forced upwards into the arteries during ventricular …show more content…
The second noise we hear, ‘the dub’ is the sound of the closing of the aortic and pulmonary vales, occurring during ventricular systole.
Abnormal- Heart murmurs are extraneous heart sounds due to the turbulent flow of blood going backwards through the valves when they do not close tightly (regurgitation) or forwards through the valves that do not open completely (stenosis).
The Role of autonomic NS on heart rate
The heart is controlled by two branches of the autonomic nervous system.
• The sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
• The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
The SNS releases hormones to accelerate the heart rate.
The PNS releases the hormones acetylcholine to slow the heart rate.
What can temporarily affect the acceleration of your heart?
- stress
- excitement
- caffeine
Things such as meditating or taking deep breaths may help to slow down your heart rate.
Exercising will increase your heart rate and it will stay elevated for the amount of time exercise is continued. At the beginning of exercise, your body will remove the parasympathetic stimulation, which enables the heart rate to gradually increase. As your exercise gets more strenuous, the sympathetic system ‘kick in’ to accelerate your heart rate even more. This is because your tissues need more oxygen so the heart has to pump