Acetic acid

WHAT IS FORMALIN? Formalin is the trade name for an organic compound made by formaldehyde and water. It has the chemical formula CH2O and its chemical structure is as shown in figure.1. Uses: Formaldehyde is used mainly in the production of plastics (such as urea-formaldehyde plastics which is used in many manufacturing processes due to its useful properties such as flexural modulus, and a high heat distortion temperature, high surface hardness, low water absorption, high tensile strength, mold…

The effects of caffeine on Daphnia magna Lee Phan Lab Section: P0501 1000587723 1. Materials and Methods: Preparation: Clean 3-well specimen chambers were kept in ice and a cooling chamber was then prepared to be put under the microscope, by filling it with ice and a small volume of water. This was done to ensure the temperature would remain around 15 degrees Celcius, which could keep Daphnia magna efficiently cool. Furthermore, the different concentrations were prepared in separately…

Unknown 3 3805.79 0.0733 Unknown 4 3396.46 0.9280 Medium N-H stretch Amides, alcohols and amines 5 2987.43 0.2450 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 6 2946.27 0.2810 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 7 2912.38 0.2040 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes 8 2834.49 0.3170 Weak C-H stretch Aldehydes and acids 9 2524.07 0.0337 Medium O-H stretch Carboxylic acids 10 2226.40 0.0033 Weak C ≡C stretch Alkynes 11 2043.60 0.0059 Unknown 12 1785.35 0.0104 Unknown 13 1659.54 0.0303 Medium C =C stretch…

The purpose of this lab was to perform reduction of ketones by reducing 4-t-butylcyclohexanone with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to form 4-t-butylcyclohexanol. At the end of this experiment, the infrared spectroscopy was obtain for the final product, 4-t-butylcyclohexanol. The IR graph showed the presence of the desired product, and it also showed if the reaction went to completion or not. In addition, the mass of the final product was obtained to determine the percent yield. To a 5mL conical…

The objective of this experiment was to oxidize 9-fluorenol with bleach to form 9-fluorenone. This was done with three different reactions, each under different conditions. The reactions were evaluated using the TLC plate to see how far each reaction progressed. During the experiment reaction test tube 2 had the darkest yellow color out of the three reactions. On the TLC plate the starting material had one dot, with an Rf value of 0.22. Reaction 1 had two dots, with Rf values of 0.29 and…

DISCUSSION 2-Bromoheptane + Potassium TertButoxide The 2-Bromoheptane + Potassium TertButoxide reaction yielded 3 different products: 1-heptene, Cis-2-heptene and Trans-2-heptene. However, the major product constituent was 1-heptene. Because Potassium TertButoxide is a bulky base, steric hindrance prevents it from attacking a hydrogen on a highly substituted carbon. Consequently, the base attacks a hydrogen on the least substituted carbon (primary carbon). In this case, steric hindrance is…

used a solid-liquid extraction by adding 14 tea bags into a 1L beaker with 6g of sodium carbonate, 250 mL of tap water and bringing this to a boil for five minutes on a hot plate. Sodium carbonate is a weak bronsted base, that neutralizes tannic acids extracted from tea, that interfere with the later sublimation operation.(1) We turned the heat off after five minutes, added ice cubes to cool the mixture to room temperature, and carefully removed and properly discarded the tea bags. We then…

can we differentiate acids and bases? How do we know if a substance is an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases.…

deionized water and the following chemicals: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. When it comes to these chemicals, make sure to wear the general protective personal equipment and handle with caution because these chemicals can burn. (MSDS Solution Center) For week one, the students first had to prepare the sodium hydroxide and the hydrochloric acid. Both of these were done by taking a graduated cylinder and measuring 8.3 milliliters of the…

Benzimidazole and its derivatives were synthesized according to the reported literature (Wagner EC et al., 1943). The compounds are benzimidazole ;1-(4-((1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) methylamino) phenyl) ethanone; 2-butyl-1H-benzimidazole; 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole. The stock solutions are prepared by dissolving the compound in DMSO. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disc-diffusion method under standard conditions using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the antibiotics used as listed below, Table…