Acetic acid

Adsorption isotherm models : To study the proper model, the isotherm data were analyzed and were fitted them into two models, Freundlich and Langmuir, because they are the most suitable and employed models. Equilibrium uptake of CV and MB was investigated with sorbent weight of 0.5 g of fennel seeds in contact with 100 mL of solutions and at pH 4 for CV and 6 for MB. The flasks were shaken at 200 rpm and the equilibrium concentration of the remaining CV and MB was determined by spectrometer.…

In Experiment 12B we used an umpolung reagent in an umpolung synthesis to synthesize benzoin from benzaldehyde. Umpolung synthesis is a synthetic approach that allows us to switch the identity of a reacting species. For example, the normal chemical reactivity of a nucleophile can be switched to one of an electrophilic compound. Two common agents are cyanide and thiamine (Vitamin B). The mechanisms for both agents are the same. In this experiment, thiamine was used to turn benzaldehyde, an…

REFLECTIONS FOR LAB 4- FRICTION Lab 4.1 to 4.3 is about all the different frictions. We did 3 different labs. 4.1 was pulling a block across different surfaces and finding the difference in friction. 4.2 was about pulling multiple blocks across different surfaces and finding the difference in friction. 4.3 was about pulling blocks but in a bigger surfaces area. In Lab 4.1 we had to pull different blocks across different surfaces. The surfaces were a tabletop, wax paper, paper towel, fine…

When hydrochloric acid was added to the unknown and known solutions, both resulted in no reaction. This also occurred when potassium hydroxide was added to both of the solutions. Barium chloride was then added to the two solutions, which resulted in a cloudy white precipitate…

Purpose To determine the specific types of pigments found in a rose leaf and rose petal by using isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) in paper chromatography. Scientific Explanation When leaves are mixed with isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) the alcohol draws out the leaf pigments and chemically change to a solvent. When the solvent is painted on the paper towel nothing happens but when a bit of alcohol is added it easily climbs up the paper towel. This happens because the alcohol molecules are “sticky” and…

As a result, lactose is a competitive inhibitor. In the presence of the inhibitor, the slope of the Lineweaver-Burk plot becomes the equation below. Using equation 7 along with the Km and the Vmax from series A, the Ki of Series B and C were calculated. The concentration of inhibitor for 50mM lactose was found to be 35714 μM using equation 1. Similar to the substrate concentration, the inhibitor concentration can be found using the same equation, but substituting in the inhibitor molar…

Conclusion Throughout all the test tubes that were observed, it is simple to classify samples as mixtures, compounds, or elements by viewing the particles that make it up on a picture representation. It is not as uncomplicated as observing the physical substance. Test Tube A consisted of small black and white specks that could phyically be seperated when holding a magnet to the mixture. Because this is possible, it is a heterogenous mixture also because the seperation can easily be seen.…

The little instruction leaflet included in the pack, isn't particularly comprehensive, but still it was fairly easy to work out what I needed to do and before I could start I did need to do a little preparation. The instructions did state that I would be needed cold water but didn't say whether that water needed to have been boiled first or left to stand so that any chlorine could dissipate. As I do usually boil the water that I am going to use in a home brew and further along in the…

Experiment 15.2 Purpose: To show temperature effects on reactions and Le Chatelier’s principle. Materials: 2 test tubes, 2 eyedroppers, 2 beakers, 2 small cups, Clear ammonia solution, White Vinegar, Flame or stove, Pot, Water, Ice, a few leaves of red cabbage, and safety goggles. Question: How does equilibrium work with respect to temperature and concentration? Hypothesis: Depending on whether the reaction is endo-thermic or exothermic the equilibrium will shift to one side, this is also true…

Peels were cut into 1-inch pieces and was heated them in 110- to 120-degree-Fahrenheit water on the stove. Peels were packed into the press and the oil was squeezed into a food container. Next is fabricating of the edible film which adds 1 tsp. of acetic acid as disinfectant, 1 tsp. of banana peel starch, with a constant amount of glycerol (1 tsp.) and 1 tsp. of orange peel essential oil. The method was repeated for three times but with different amount of starch, the second was 2 tsp., the…