Stop codon

Werner’s syndrome (WS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disease that will cause premature aging for both men and women, where symptoms may start showing up during or after puberty and will continue on through their entire lifetime.1 This being said, there is a great disproportion between a patient’s real age and the perceived appearance age. A patient that is diagnosed with WS will age progressively faster than its peers, and the median lifespan is around 54 years of age.2 Another name for…

then act as templates for nucleotides to be incorporated into a new complementary strand as shown in Figure 1.3b. DNA replication occurs from the 5’ end to the 3’ end, so on one strand it can proceed continuously, while on the lagging strand it must stop and start repeatedly, creating Okazaki fragments (Figure 1.3b) (Sakabe and Okazaki 1966). The terms upstream and downstream are used to refer to the 5’ and 3’ ends respectively of the molecule, due to this unidirectionality of DNA synthesis. A…

The CCR5-Δ32 Allele: A Natural Resistance to HIV Virus Human immunodeficiency virus, most commonly known as HIV, is an acquired virus that attacks the immune system of the host and eventually leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome otherwise known as AIDS. HIV is a relatively new disease in human populations, AIDS was first observed in homosexual males in 1981 (Herron et al., 2014, p. 2). Later, in 1983, soon after the discovery of AIDS, scientists identified HIV virus as being responsible…

This mutation is seen in 18% of healthy white individuals, due to a common stop codon in the polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene. An evolutionary “trade-off” exists in the performance traits for endurance and speed. Africans have the lowest incidence of the ACTN3 mutation while Asians have the highest. This could be because of how much…

Introduction Drosophila melanogaster can be considered model organisms for the study of genetics. Some characteristics that contribute to this status are their quick lifecycles, large amount of offspring, and the presence of only four chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster contain bristles on the thorax, head, legs, and abdomen. These bristles are used as a sensory mechanism, allowing fruit flies to detect their surroundings as they fly and walk around their environment (Yehuda, 2011). The rate…

First, you said only one eye has leukocoria in this infant. Leukocoria is a common clinical feature of retinoblastoma, and this indication is usually a late sign of the disease (Balmer et al., 2006). Retinoblastoma can be either a hereditary disease and a nonhereditary disease. Generally, 60% of the cases of retinoblastoma are nonhereditary, with the remaining 40% being hereditary. Usually, 25% of the hereditary cases have family disease history, which is what we have in this case (NORD).…

In every living organism there are all sorts of elements that help with our genetic make-up. Genetics are made from “the biochemical basis of heredity consisting of codons in DNA and RNA that determine the specific amino acid sequence in proteins” (Webster Dictionary). These genes are like the instructions in a manual that explain everything about us like our hair color, eye color, rather we’ll be tall or short, our pigmentation, and also what kind of genetic disease’s we may inherit or if we’ll…

Lung cancer is one of most common cancer in the United States and worldwide. Furthermore, there are two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The most common type is NSCLC. There are three main subtypes of NSCLC: squamous cells, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The number one cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes but there are also other factors that cause lung cancer such as exposure to radon gas, asbestos, genetics, and air…

INTROCUCTION After its discovery by Dr. Peter Barth in 1983, Barth Syndrome was originally thought to affect less than 200 males worldwide. Barth conducted his initial study on his patients after noticing a disturbing pattern of early infant death within a single family, none of which survived past 42 months. These individuals suffered from symptoms that included, but were not limited to, dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, and skeletal myopathy. Many patients experienced moderate to severe…