Ribosomal RNA

genes and as introns within genes (Figure-1). In genomic, noncoding DNA regions are defined as the sequences of an organism’s DNA, which do not code for proteins. Although it has been known for decades that some of these sequences code for noncoding RNAs that involve in controlling many cellular processes, recently study suggested that many of them are in fact vital in regulating how our genome works (The Encode Project, 2004), while some research proposed that others may have no known…

It is called transport RNA. The role of tRNA is to carry amino acids to the ribosome. The act almost as a bridge matching a codon is an mRNA with the amino acid that it codes for. Every tRNA consists of a set of three nucleotides called anticodons. The anticodon of any given…

A. SIGNIFICANCE: Lack of knowledge of the key molecular players and signaling pathways is a critical barrier to the progress of understanding the role of new protein synthesis in specific components of neural circuitry for establishing long-term memories. The proposed project addresses this important problem by employing a multidisciplinary approach in which we systematically combine tools of imaging, state of the art genomics and bioinformatics, molecular biology, functional analysis and…

Biopharmaceuticals: GMOs and Vaccines Clarifying the definition, history, methods and relevancy of GMOs to our society is of the utmost importance. Genetically modified organisms and their applicability in multiple arenas have been a source for debate around the globe. Many individuals believe GMOs to be unsafe and unethical, while the biotechnology sector sees a profitable life-saving technology. Through the evaluation of scientifically relevant articles regarding genetically modified…

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions. Chloroplast: Its main function is photosynthesis trapping energy from the sun and producing sugar from carbon dioxide. Its structure is made up of a double membrane system. They are known as the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and grana other words known as stacks of thylakoids (NCBI, 2016). Endoplasmic reticulum: Its main function is translation and…

pesticides. Liver cells are abundant with smooth ER. Body cells need smooth ER for breakdown of hormones or steriods - cells of the male testes with testosterone. Ribosomes: These are tiny dark bodies made of up proteins and only one variety of RNA called ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes are site of protein synthesis. Some float free in the cytoplasm where they make more proteins that function in the cytoplasm. Other attach to membrane which results in the name rough endoplasmic…

the to grow and reproduce. Mitosis is the division of body cells and meiosis is the division of sex cells. The replication of DNA aids in the process of cell division. Protein synthesis is the translation of DNA to proteins using the three types of RNA. Genetic information is passed through generations because of inheritance. The different types of inheritance allow the creation of many different phenotypes and genotypes. Humans impacts the environment because the large amounts of greenhouse…

Corynebacterium diphtheria targets cells of the mucosa membranes of the upper respiratory tract and cutaneous tissues of the skin. Rarely, infection can occur at other mucosal sites such as the eyes, ears, or genitals (CDC, 2016). C. diphtheria bacteria produce an exotoxin, diphtheria toxin, and release it to their external environment at the site of infection. From there, the toxin can travel through the bloodstream and affect different cells throughout the body, and block their protein…

human immunodeficiency virus which is the driving force behind scientists collaborating worldwide in ending and preventing this pandemic. Etiology “The primary etiologic agent of AIDS is HIV, an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) retrovirus that carries its genetic material in RNA rather than DNA.” (Porth, 2015, p. 363) There are two different forms of HIV; HIV-1 and HIV-2. The human immunodeficiency virus-1 is the virus mostly…

explore these depths are limited, due to these vents being one of the most physiologically isolated chemosynthetic environments known, many devices are able to explore these vents and collect sample. From these samples environmental sequencing of ribosomal RNA have shown that microbial communities and diverse bacterial assemblage inhabits these…