Positivism

In The Criminological Imagination Jock Young’s main argument is meant to criticize the overly quantitative and positivist nature of modern criminology and point out the limited qualitative imagination within the discipline. Young considers his book a success if he can “create a moment of hesitation and contribute somewhat to the growing skepticism with regards to the widespread desire to quantify every aspect of the human condition” (p.ix). Young describes how criminal justice scholarship has…

Researchers often confront difficulties in selecting adequate research methods among the vast options for their social research. Among the tremendous research methods, quantitative and qualitative research paradigms appear to be the most celebrated methods adopted by majority social researchers. For many decades, social researchers (e.g. David and Sutton, 2004; Johnson and Onwuegbuzie, 2004) argued on the differentiated nature and ideologies of the terms ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ within…

Is the demarcation problem a philosophical pseudo-problem? For a long time in history, philosophers of science have dedicated to the construction of a boundary between science and pseudoscience. Despite the substantial efforts putting into the demarcation problem, none of those well-known demarcation criteria successfully classify science or pseudoscience. The failure to provide a universally accepted demarcation, or at least gain acceptance from a majority of the community, leads to two…

Figure 2 : One of Example Pua Kumbu as a Symbolize in Iban Society According to Rodolphe Rapetti in his book “Symbolism” he said that symbolism was part of a work of a wave of reaction against doctirinal positivism, whose backbone had been the scientific analysis of facts verified through experimental. Besides that, according to Edward Lucia-Smith, the symbolist movement, modernism has nevertheless been hostile to the symbol as a means of visual communication. The rise of abstract art, in…

Discussion and analysis of Marx, Durkheim and Freud, ideologies INTRODUCTION This essay attempts a discussion, analysis and evaluation of the ways, Marx, Durkheim and Freud applied sociological and psychological theories to define and understand the social world. It also does the same to Marx’s work on alienation and its impact on health, Freud’s work on psychoanalysis and its impact on contemporary understanding of mental illness and Durkheim’s work on suicide and its explanation of the causes…

Judges deferring to Parliamentary decisions However, there is great tension as soon as we change our beliefs on the nature of law and hence, the legal reasoning implemented regarding the extent to which judges shape the law. For example, with positivism – under either Hart or Kelsen – law is separate from morality. Under Hart’s theory, there is some room for judges to apply discretion, as rules have a core of easy meaning and application, and a penumbra of uncertainty. However, for the most…

The next stage, after selecting a research paradigm, is to link it with actual practice (Bryman, 1998). This can be accomplished via selecting the appropriate data collection methods that; accommodate research assumptions, answer research questions, and meet research objectives. Accordingly, having explained the research paradigms and assumptions, the following is a description of the nature of the research design methods, namely: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods, and then proceeds to…

The Abolition of Man and That Hideous Strength by C.S. Lewis are novels based on lectures given by the author that pursue the theme of man lacking empathy. Within the first book, The Abolition of Man, Lewis describes the importance of basing all judgments we make on what he calls the Tao: the conception of human behavior that, historically and in different moral traditions, has been considered good. As an emotion is not a judgment, it can be said that emotions and feelings do not respond to…

“Mathematics” is an open concept with many possible meanings. In Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein(1992) talks about the variety of language games, and “mathematics” may operate in a huge number of such games. While mathematics as a research field includes a vast domain of unsolved issues and conceptions in development. Well-intended definitions, as suggested by classic positions within the philosophy of mathematics – where logicism describes mathematics as a further development…

accepting so they did not have to go to these levels. Humphrey can be seen as using queer theory for his research as he looked at how society was bias as straight men had a voice but gay men did not. (Macionis and Plummer 2012). Humphrey wanted to use a positivism approach and use methods such as observation and to interview the men to get the answers. Through observation Laud Humphreys found some very interesting answers and facts about the men. He found out just how popular anonymous sex in…